Ch 13 Blood System

• blood process

  transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body
• what are the transported items besides oxygen

  blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets

  chemical messengers
• what are the components of blood

  1. cells
  2. plasma
  3. water
  4. proteins
  5. sugar
  6. salts
  7. hormones
  8. lipids
  9. vitamins
• what are erythrocytes

  red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen
• function of leukocytes

  white blood cells
• function thrombocytes

  platelets that clot blood
• basophils function

  1. contain heparin to prevent clotting
  2. contain histamine (involved in allergic responses)
• function eosinophils

  phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections
• neutrophils function

  phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection
• function monocytes

  phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris
• function lymphocytes

  control the immune response and make antibodies to antigens
• what does albumin do

  maintains proper proportion and concentration of water in the blood
• what do globulins do

  • alpha, beta, and gamma ones
  • immunoglobulins are gamma globulins (bind to and destroy antigens)
• what is IgG

  antibodies that are of high concentration in plasma
• what is IgA

  antibodies found in saliva, breast milk, tears, and respiratory mucus
• how are immunoglobulins separated?

  by electrophoresis -> electrical charge separated them by size
• what does fibrinogen do

  forms fibrin clots as part of coagulation process
• what does prothrombin do

  plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in clotting process
• what is Type A blood

  A antigen and anti-B antibody
• what is Type b blood

  B antigen and anti-A antibody
• what is type AB blood

  A and B antigens and no antibodies

  • universal recipient
• what is Type O blood

  no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

  • universal donor
• what is Rh factor

  positive or negative blood
• what forms during coagulation

  fibrin clot
• what are the 2 main anticoagulants

  heparin and warfarin (coumadin)
• the blood contains which cells to transport oxygen?

  red blood cells
• blood contains which clotting cells

  thrombocytes
• albumin

  • protein in the blood
  • maintains the proper amount of water in blood
• antibody (ab)

  a specific protein produces by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens
• antigen

  a substance that stimulates production of an antibody
• basophil

  white blood cell that contains granules that stain blue
• bilirubin

  orange-yellow pigment in bile

  • formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBC's are destroyed
• coagulation

  blood clotting
• colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

  protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells
• differentiation

  a change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

  • specialization
• electrophoresis

  a method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
• eosinophil

  white blood cells that contain granules that stain red
• erythrocyte

  red blood cell
• erythropoietin (EPO)

  hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation
• fibrin

  protein that forms the basis of a blood clot