PHYSICS: Electricity

• What are the two types of electrical current mentioned?

  Direct and alternating current
• What is the role of electrical current in circuits?

  Electrical current transfers energy around circuits
• What are some common components found in electrical circuits?

  • Switch
  • Lamp
  • Fixed resistor
  • Variable resistor
  • Thermistor
  • Light-dependent resistor (LDR)
  • Semiconductor diode
• What is the function of a switch in an electrical circuit?

  A switch is used to turn a circuit on (closed) and off (open)
• What does a lamp do in an electrical circuit?

  A lamp emits light when an electrical current flows through it
• What is a fixed resistor and its purpose?

  A fixed resistor restricts or limits the flow of electrical current
• How is resistance defined in an electrical component?

  Resistance is the opposition to the movement of electrical charge through it
• In what unit is resistance measured?

  Resistance is measured in ohms
• What is a variable resistor and where is it commonly used?

  A variable resistor allows the resistance to be changed and is used in dimmer switches and volume controls
• How does the resistance of a thermistor change with temperature?

  The resistance of a thermistor decreases as the temperature increases
• What is a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and how does it function?

  An LDR's resistance decreases with increasing light intensity
• What is the role of a semiconductor diode in an electrical circuit?

  A semiconductor diode allows current to flow in one direction only
• What is the difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC)?

  AC regularly changes its direction and size, while DC flows in one direction only
• What is the purpose of converting AC to DC using a diode?

  To allow current to flow in one direction only for devices that require DC
• What is the function of a filament in a bulb?

  A filament gets hot and glows when a current flows through it
• How does a thermistor function in thermostats?

  A thermistor's resistance changes with temperature, allowing it to regulate heating systems
• What is the significance of a fixed resistor in a circuit?

  A fixed resistor ensures a constant resistance, controlling the current flow
• How do LDRs and thermistors differ in their operation?

  LDRs change resistance based on light intensity, while thermistors change resistance based on temperature
• If you wanted to control the brightness of a lamp, which component would you use?

  A variable resistor
• In what scenario would you use a thermistor?

  In a thermostat to regulate temperature
• How would you use an LDR in a practical application?

  As a sensor in automatic lights that turn on in the dark
• What is the relationship between current and resistance in a circuit?

  Higher resistance results in lower current flow, according to Ohm's law
• What are the two types of electrical current?

  Direct current and alternating current
• Why is it important to understand electrical circuit symbols?

  Understanding symbols helps in reading and designing electrical circuits
• What is direct current?

  Direct current is the movement of charge through a conductor in one direction only
• What does the term 'electrical component' refer to?

  A device in an electric circuit, such as a battery, switch, or lamp
• How does alternating current differ from direct current?

  In alternating current, the direction of electron flow continually reverses
• How does a fixed resistor affect the flow of electrical current?

  A fixed resistor limits the flow of electrical current in a circuit
• What are electrons?

  Electrons are negatively charged particles with a negligible mass relative to protons and neutrons
• What is charge in the context of electricity?

  Charge is a property of matter that causes a force when near another charge
• How do the functions of a switch and a diode differ in a circuit?

  A switch controls the on/off state of a circuit, while a diode controls the direction of current flow
• If you need to convert AC to DC for a device, which component would you use?

  A semiconductor diode
• How is charge measured?

  Charge is measured in coulombs (C)
• What happens to the resistance of an LDR in bright light?

  The resistance of an LDR decreases in bright light
• What is the primary use of a thermistor?

  To measure temperature changes in various applications
• How many electrons are in one coulomb of charge?


  One coulomb of charge is equivalent to 6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons
• How does a variable resistor function in a circuit?

  A variable resistor changes its resistance based on the position of a slider
• What is electrical current?

  Electrical current is the rate of flow of electric charge
• What is the significance of understanding electrical circuit symbols for students?

  It enables students to effectively communicate and understand circuit designs
• What happens when current flows in a circuit?

  When current flows, electrical work is done and energy is transferred