Biology 1.3 - DNA

• What are chromosomes?

  Strands of DNA
• What does a molecule of DNA contain?

  Two strands of DNA named nucleotides
• Where are chromosomes found?

  In the nucleus
• What is DNA?

  genetic material
• What is the structure of DNA?

  double helix
• What are the names of the DNA bases?

  A- Adenine, T- Thymine, C - Cytosine, G - Guanine
• What bases pair together in DNA?


  A + T, C + G
• What are the bases attached to in DNA?

  A phosphate molecule and a sugar molecule
• What is a nucleotide?

  Phosphate and sugar + a base
• What is protein synthesis?

  the process of making proteins by using the information present in the DNA
• Step one of protein synthesis

  The double helix structure unwinds and unzips along a gene.
• How does the ribosome make a protein?

  The ribosome reads the mRNA strand and uses the order of bases to join amino acids together.
• What is a gene?

  A section of DNA that codes for a protein
• What does the sequence of Bases code for?

  The sequence of amino acids in a protein.
• Step two of protein synthesis?

  A complementary copy of the DNA code is made by mRNA
• What is step three of protein synthesis?

  The mRNA leaves the nucleus through Tiny pores in the nuclear membrane
• What is step four of protein synthsis?

  mRNA attaches to a ribosome and begins making a protein.