Further motion concepts

• What is the definition of momentum?

  The tendency of an object to keep moving
• How is momentum calculated?

  Using the equation $p =$$m \times v$
• What does the variable $p$ represent in the momentum equation?


  Momentum in kg m/s
• What does the variable $m$ represent in the momentum equation?


  Mass in kilograms (kg)
• What does the variable $v$ represent in the momentum equation?


  Velocity in metres per second (m/s)
• What is the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 2 m/s?

  $10 \text{ kg m/s}$
• Why does momentum depend on direction?

  Because velocity includes direction of travel
• What can change the momentum of an object?

  If the object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction
• What is conserved in an explosion or collision?

  The total momentum
• What does it mean for momentum to be conserved?

  It stays the same before and after an event
• What are the units of momentum?

  Kilograms metres per second (kg m/s)
• What is the relationship between mass and momentum?

  More mass means more momentum
• How does velocity affect momentum?

  Higher velocity increases momentum
• How does changing direction affect momentum?

  It can change the momentum of the object
• What are the key concepts related to momentum?

  • Momentum is the tendency to keep moving
  • Calculated as $p =$$m \times v$
  • Depends on mass and velocity
  • Total momentum is conserved in collisions
  • Changes with speed and direction
• What is the principle of conservation of momentum?

  The total momentum stays the same
• What causes momentum to change in moving objects?

  Forces acting on the objects
• How is momentum calculated?

  Mass multiplied by velocity
• What happens to momentum in explosions or collisions?

  It is conserved if no external forces act
• What is momentum in relation to moving objects?

  • A quantity relating to a moving object
  • Calculated by multiplying mass by velocity
• If carriage A has a mass of 12,000 kg and moves at 5 m/s, what is its momentum before collision?

  60,000 kg m/s
• What is the momentum of carriage B before the collision if it is stationary?

  0 kg m/s
• What is the total momentum before the collision of the two carriages?

  60,000 kg m/s
• What is the total mass of the two carriages after the collision?

  20,000 kg
• How do you calculate the new velocity after the collision?

  Velocity = momentum ÷ mass
• What are the steps to calculate momentum in a collision?

  1. Calculate total momentum before collision
  2. Calculate total momentum after collision
  3. Calculate total mass after collision
  4. Calculate new velocity after collision
• What is the relationship between forces and momentum?

  Forces cause momentum to change
• What happens to total momentum in an explosion or collision?

  Total momentum is conserved
• What type of motion do equations of motion apply to?

  Uniformly accelerated motion
• What is the formula for calculating force?

  • Force is in newtons (N)
  • Change in momentum is in kg m/s
  • Time is in seconds (s)
  • force = change in momentum x time
• What force is needed to move a 25 kg bicycle to 12 m/s in 5 seconds?

  60 N
• How can you change the momentum of an object?

  Apply a small force over a long time
• Why is changing the direction of an oil tanker at sea difficult?

  A large change in momentum is needed
• What is another formula for calculating force?\(\text{force} = \text{mass} \times \text{acceleration}\)

  • Mass is in kilograms (kg)
  • Acceleration is in m/s²
  • force = mass x acceleration
• What is the force calculated using mass and acceleration for the bicycle?

  60 N
• What are the key concepts related to force and momentum?

  • Momentum is conserved in collisions
  • Force changes momentum
  • Equations of motion apply to uniformly accelerated motion
• What does Newton's Third Law state?

  If A exerts a force on B, B exerts an equal opposite force on A
• What is the relationship between momentum and forces?

  Forces cause momentum to change
• What happens to total momentum in an explosion or collision?

  Total momentum is conserved
• What type of motion do equations of motion apply to?

  Uniformly accelerated motion