states

• What is matter?

  Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
• What are the three states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, and gas.
• What does the particulate theory of matter state?

  All matter is made up of particles that are in constant and random motion.
• How do particles behave in solids compared to liquids and gases?

  Particles in solids vibrate, while in liquids and gases they move from place to place.
• What is a physical change in terms of state change?

  A physical change is changing the state of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
• How does matter change from one state to another?

  By either absorbing or releasing heat energy.
• What are examples of substances that can exist in three states?

  • Iodine: gray-black solid, purple gas
  • Dry ice: solid CO2, gaseous CO2
• What are the different changes in state?

  • Condensation
  • Freezing
  • Boiling
  • Evaporation
  • Melting
  • Sublimation
• What is the melting point?

  The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
• What happens during melting?

  Heat (thermal energy) is absorbed during melting.
• What is the boiling point?

  The temperature at which a liquid changes to gas.
• What occurs during boiling?

  Heat (thermal energy) is absorbed during boiling.
• What are the differences between boiling and evaporation?

  • Boiling occurs throughout the liquid; evaporation occurs at the surface.
  • Boiling occurs at specific temperatures; evaporation occurs at different temperatures.
  • Boiling is a quicker process; evaporation is a slow process.
• What is the freezing point?

  The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.
• What is condensation?

  Condensation is the change in state from gas to a liquid.
• What is sublimation?

  Sublimation is the change in state from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.
• What is the boiling curve and its phases?

  • A-B: Solid phase exists; temperature increases as particles gain kinetic energy.
  • B-C: Solid & liquid states exist; melting point; heat energy overcomes attraction.
  • C-D: Liquid state exists; temperature increases as particles gain energy.
  • D-E: Gas & liquid states exist; boiling point; temperature remains constant.
  • E: Gas state exists; temperature of gas changes with increased heat energy.
• What is the cooling curve and its phases?

  • A-B: Gas state exists; cooling gas increases temperature.
  • B-C: Gas & liquid state exist; boiling point; temperature constant.
  • C-D: Liquid state exists; cooling liquid decreases temperature.
  • D-E: Solid & liquid state exist; freezing point; temperature constant.
  • E-F: Solid state exists; temperature decreases as particles lose kinetic energy.
• What is Brownian motion?

  Random, haphazard motion of particles suspended in a fluid.
• What is osmosis?

  Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.