isotopes

• What are isotopes?

  Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
• What are examples of isotopes of chlorine and carbon?

  • Chlorine: $^{35}_{17}Cl$, $^{37}_{17}Cl$
  • Carbon: $^{12}_{6}C$, $^{13}_{6}C$, $^{14}_{6}C$
• What are radioactive isotopes?

  Radioactive isotopes have unstable nuclei that give out radiation due to spontaneous disintegration.
• What are the types of radiation emitted by radioactive isotopes?

  • Alpha particles
  • Beta particles
  • Gamma rays
• What are some uses of radioactive isotopes?

  1. Carbon-14 dating for age determination of plants/animals.
  2. Iodine-131 for thyroid cancer treatment.
  3. Plutonium-238 as a power source.
  4. Uranium-235 for energy generation.
• What is relative atomic mass (Ar)?

  Relative atomic mass is the average mass of one atom of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
• How is the relative atomic mass of chlorine calculated?

  Relative atomic mass of chlorine is calculated as $(\frac{75}{100} \times 35) +$$(\frac{25}{100} \times 37)$.