Architecture

• Historical Background of Architecture

  • Architecture highly speaks of a country and its people and signifies their lifestyle, character, cultures and traditions, their motives and beliefs like in any other form of art
• Egyptian Architecture (3000-1000 BC)

  • Dependent on religion
• Egyptian Architecture (3000-1000 BC)

  • They say that "Ka" or "vital forces" lives in every human being.
• Egyptian Architecture (3000-1000 BC)

  • To preserve the vital forces in the body, they built pyramids together with temples
• Egyptian Architecture (3000-1000 BC)

  • Known for its monumental structures such as the pyramids and temples
• Egyptian Architecture (3000-1000 BC)

  • These buildings were designed to reflect the divine power of pharaohs and were heavily influenced by religious beliefs
• Egyptian Architecture (3000-1000 BC)

  • Pyramid of Giza & Pyramids of Khufu
• Mesopotamian Architecture

  • Characterized by its ziggurats, large stepped pyramids that served as temples
• Mesopotamian Architecture

  • The Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians built these impressive structures, demonstrating the power of their gods.
• Mesopotamian Architecture

  • Ziggurat is built at successive levels with one hump leading from one platform to the next.
• Mesopotamian Architecture

  • Ziggurat & Hanging Garden of Babylon
• Greek Architecture (600-100 BC)

  • Famous for its development of the three architectural; orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
• Greek Architecture (600-100 BC)

  • Temples, theaters, and stoas are typical Greek architectural elements
• Greek Architecture (600-100 BC)

  • Style: This is relatively small rectangular plan of marble with entablature of pediment, cornice, frieze, and architrave
• Roman Architecture

  • Borrowed from the Greeks but innovated with the use of concrete and the arch
• Roman Architecture

  • The Romans created aqueducts, amphitheaters, and the iconic Roman Colosseum
• Roman Architecture

  Roman Architectural Style:

  • Described as rectangular and circular plans of pozzolana & stucco
  • It applies the engineering principles of arch in dome on drum, barrel molting and groin vaulting, as well as fluted, free-standing and engaged columns, and pilasters with Greek orders.
• Early Christian Architecture (400-700 AD)

  • Emerged in the 4th century AD with the rise of Christianity
• Early Christian Architecture (400-700 AD)

  • Basilicas were the primary building type, often featuring long, rectangular halls with a central nave and side aisles
• Early Christian Architecture (400-700 AD)

  • Style: Roman Basilica plan of center aisle, one or two side aisles, and apse, as well as plain buttressed facade, sometimes with small round window and compound arches
• Byzantine Architecture (200-1453 AD)

  • Known for its expansive domes and intricate mosaics
• Byzantine Architecture (200-1453 AD)

  • The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is a prime example
• Byzantine Architecture (200-1453 AD)

  • Hagia Sophia & Taj Mahal of Agra
• Romansque Architecture

  • Emerged in the 10th century
• Romansque Architecture

  • Characterized by its round arches, thick walls, and sturdy construction
• Romansque Architecture

  • Churches and castles are typical examples
• Romansque Architecture

  • The Palais Benedictine & Cathedral of Notre Dame
• Gothic Architecture

  • Developed in the 12th century
• Gothic Architecture

  • Noted for its pointed arches, flying buttresses, and ribbed vaults
• Renaissance Architecture

  • Emerged in the 14th century
• Renaissance Architecture

  • Focused symmetry, proportion, and the revival of classical Greek and Roman styles
• Renaissance Architecture

  • Domes, columns, and arches were common
• Baroque Architecture

  • FLourished in the 17th century
• Baroque Architecture

  • Characterized by its grandeur, opulence, and dramatic use of light and shadow
• Baroque Architecture

  • Palaces and churches are often built in this style
• Baroque Architecture

  • San Carlo Alle Quatro Fontane
• Modern Architecture

  • Emerged in the late 19th and 20th centuries
• Modern Architecture

  • Marked by simplicity, functionality, and the use of new materials like steel and glass
• Modern Architecture

  • Skyscrapers and minimalist buildings define this era
• Architectural Evolution in the Philippines: From Pre-Colonial to Contemporary

  • The Philippines has a rich and diverse architectural heritage shaped by various historical influences