Respiration

• What is respiration?


  Respiration is a chemical reaction in cells that releases energy from glucose, producing ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
• What is ATP, and what does it do?


  ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the molecule that stores and transfers energy for cell processes, such as muscle contraction and maintaining body temperature.
• What is aerobic respiration?


  Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to completely break down glucose, releasing a large amount of energy, and producing CO₂ and H₂O as waste products.
• Provide the word and symbol equations for aerobic respiration.


  Word equation: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)Symbol equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
• What is anaerobic respiration?


  Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, partially breaking down glucose to produce a small amount of energy.
• Describe anaerobic respiration in animals.


  In animals, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, which can build up in muscles during intense exercise, causing fatigue.
• Provide the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals.


  Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy (ATP)
• Describe anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi (fermentation


  In plants and yeast, anaerobic respiration produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, important in bread-making and brewing.
• Provide the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi.


  Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy (ATP)
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.


  Aerobic: Requires oxygen, complete glucose breakdown, high energy yield, produces CO₂ and H₂O.Anaerobic: No oxygen needed, incomplete glucose breakdown, low energy yield, produces lactic acid or ethanol + CO₂.
• What is the purpose of investigating respiration in experiments?


  To observe the production of CO₂ and heat during respiration using germinating seeds or other organisms.
• What color change occurs with hydrogen carbonate indicator in the presence of CO₂?


  Indicator turns yellow in high CO₂ levels, purple in low CO₂ levels.
• What is the result of a heat production experiment with germinating seeds?


  Temperature increases due to heat from respiration, indicating it is an exothermic process.
• What does CORMS stand for in practical evaluations?


  Change, Organisms, Repeat, Measurement, Same — a framework for ensuring reliable and valid results in experiments.