Mammal Adaptations to Dry Habitat

• E.g. kangaroo, produces a very small volume of highly concentrated (4x more than humans) urine daily
• Longer loops of henle in deeper medulla tissue; creating higher salt concentration so more water re-absorbed from more permeable collecting ducts (more ADH sensitive and more aquaporins in luminal membranes)
• Use metabolic water; eats seeds with storage molecules like lipid, when aerobically respired, produces water (1 gram of lipid produces almost twice as much metabolic water compared with 1 gram of carbohydrate)