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Biology πΌπ
Chapter 13: Ecology
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Jo Ann
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Cards (24)
What is biomass?
Living
or recently dead tissues
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How does biomass change with each trophic level?
Biomass
decreases
with each trophic level
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What percentage of biomass is transferred to the next trophic level?
About
10%
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Why is only about 10% of biomass transferred to the next trophic level?
Not
all
organisms
or
parts
are
eaten
,
and
some
energy
is
lost
in
waste
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What role does cellular respiration play in energy transfer?
It supplies
energy
needs but transfers much
energy
to the
surroundings
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What is food security?
Access to
sufficient
, safe, and nutritious food for all people
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What are some reasons for world hunger?
Poverty, food wastage, inflated prices,
climate change
, growing
population
,
war
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How can the movement of food animals be limited to increase food production efficiency?
By restricting their movement to conserve
energy
for growth
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How does controlling temperature help in food production efficiency?
It prevents energy loss for temperature regulation, increasing
biomass
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What is a decomposer?
An organism that breaks down dead
organic
matter
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How do decomposers absorb nutrients?
By secreting
enzymes
on digested
organic
matter
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What is a detritivore?
A
decomposer
that eats dead organic matter and digests it internally
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What are the waste products of decomposers in the decay process?
Carbon dioxide
, water, and nutrients
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What conditions are necessary for decay to occur?
Temperature,
oxygen
, and
water
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How do high temperatures affect decay?
They destroy
enzymes
and
proteins
responsible for decay
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How do low temperatures affect decay?
They
slow down
the
rate
of
decay
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Why is oxygen important for decay?
Most
microorganisms
require it for
aerobic respiration
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What happens in the absence of oxygen during decay?
It
slows
or
prevents
most
forms
of
decay
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Why is water necessary for decay?
It is needed for transport and to support reactions inside
organisms
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What is the role of microorganisms in sewage treatment?
They break down human waste to make it safe for the
environment
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What are some pollutants present in wastewater?
Human waste,
toxic metal compounds
,
fertilizers
, and
pesticides
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What is a compost heap?
A pile of organic material left for
microorganisms
to break down
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What does the carbon cycle illustrate?
How
carbon atoms
exist within different compounds at different times
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What is the significance of the carbon cycle?
It shows the movement and transformation of carbon in the
environment
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