test 1

• "squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching covetous old sinner!"


  plot - introduces Scrooge, Stave 1

  Techniques/ effect -

  3rd person narration delivers judgemental/ mocking tone to Scrooge

  asyndetic listing suggests no end to his selfishness

  adjectives imply he is parsimonious / avaricious, and have undertones of violence (indicate Scrooge harsh behaviour to others)

  "sinner" - biblical allusion

  context -

  Scrooge represents capitalist Victorian employers ( value profit over anything)

  "sinner" is a biblical allusion - Dickens wanted to emphasise how immoral Scrooge is
• "as solitary as an oyster"


  plot - Introduce Scrooge, Stave 1

  Techniques/ effects -

  simile + foreshadowing - Scrooge is isolated/ detached from society but has potential to change that
• "The fog and darkness thickened"


  plot - introduce Scrooge, Stave 1

  Techniques / effect -

  pathetic fallacy: reflect Scrooge's ignorance / careless attitude

  light/ dark symbolism - Scrooge is blind towards the poor (dark)

  contrast of light symbolises ghosts
• "one coal" vs "coal box"


  plot - Scrooge refuses to warm the building, hoard coal and keeps Bob cold, Stave 1

  Techniques/ effect -

  juxtaposition: Scrooge keep a box, but Bob only has 1 - highlights his callous/selfish/ parsimonious nature

  context -

  Scrooge is a Victorian capitalist, hoarding wealth - not caring for their employees or the poor
• "decrease the surplus population"


  plot - Scrooge refuses to give charity collectors money, Stave 1

  Techniques / effect -

  language of business - Scrooge sees poor as drain on society, dehumanising them

  highlights his cold/ callous/ misanthropic character (Dickens wants reader to feel disgust towards Scrooge)

  Context-

  Scrooge echoes Malthusian Ideology - disease/ starvation keep poor population under control (Dickens wishes Victorians to see this as a hateful opinion)