Section 2, chapter 11

• Who was Joseph Chamberlain?

  Joseph Chamberlain was a leading imperialist and influential in Britain's colonial and tariff policies.
• What position did Joseph Chamberlain hold between 1895 and 1903?

  He was the Colonial Secretary.
• What did Chamberlain believe about the British Empire?

  He believed in its greatness and wanted to grow its power and influence.
• What was Chamberlain's vision for the British Empire?

  He wanted to create a "United States of Empire" and spread British rule.
• What term was sometimes used to describe Chamberlain's ambitions?

  'Constructive imperialism'
• What proposal did Chamberlain make regarding the Empire's defense?

  He proposed a common defense system for the Empire, which was rejected.
• What was the aim of Chamberlain's Tariff Reform League?

  To create a common customs union with an external tariff favoring goods traded within the British Empire.
• What significant infrastructure project did Chamberlain pioneer?

  The railway linking Uganda and the Indian Ocean.
• How many Indian workers died during the construction of the Ugandan railway?

  Over 2,000 Indian workers died.
• What controversial actions did Chamberlain support in South Africa?

  He supported Rhodes' annexation of land and oversaw the Jameson Raid and Boer War.
• When did the annexation of Ashantiland occur under Chamberlain's leadership?

  In 1901.
• What was Chamberlain's stance on colonial development?

  He was a strong advocate for it.
• What financial support did Chamberlain manage to persuade Parliament to provide for the Ugandan railway?

  £3-5.5 million.
• What was a consequence of investing in poorer colonies according to the study material?

  It often meant granting monopolies to British companies.
• How many deaths were caused during the construction of the Ugandan railway?

  2,493 deaths.
• What did Richard Meinertzhagen do in 1905 regarding the Nandi people?

  He killed the leader of the Nandi while claiming to negotiate.
• What is Cecil Rhodes most famous for?

  His role in the Scramble for Africa.
• How did Rhodes become wealthy in South Africa?

  He owned all the diamond mines in South Africa.
• What company did Rhodes found in 1889?

  The British South Africa Company.
• What position did Rhodes hold in Cape Colony?

  He was appointed as the Prime Minister in 1890.
• Why did Rhodes resign in 1896?

  He resigned after the Jameson Raid.
• What did Rhodes believe about British civilization?

  He believed it was key to the betterment of the world.
• What did Rhodes state in his last will and testament regarding race?

  He contended that the British race was the first race in the world.
• What was Rhodes' ambition for Africa?

  To establish British rule from Cairo to the Cape.
• What was the significance of Fort Salisbury in Matabeleland?

  It became Rhodesia after settlers were sent there in 1890.
• What was Rhodes' plan for a railway line from the Cape?

  To outflank the Boer Republic of Transvaal and the Germans in a rush to central Africa.
• What blocked Rhodes' route from the Cape to Cairo?

  Germany's occupation of East Africa.
• How do historians differ in their assessment of Cecil Rhodes?

  They often conflict on his character and legacy in imperial history.
• What does Richard A. McFarlane argue about Rhodes?

  He argues Rhodes was integral to southern African and British imperial history.
• How does Raymond C. Mensing characterize Rhodes' racism?

  He sees Rhodes as a cultural or minimal racist, not a biological or maximal racist.
• What does Robert Blake suggest about Rhodes' actions regarding the Rudd Concession?

  He suggests it should be seen as a "suppressio veri," a misinterpretation of the truth.
• What does Peter Godwin argue about Rhodes' actions compared to other colonial figures?

  He argues Rhodes behaved despicably by today's standards, but no worse than other white settlers.
• What significant role did Alfred Milner play in British imperialism?

  He was handpicked by Joseph Chamberlain to become High Commissioner for Southern Africa.
• What was Milner's belief regarding British superiority?

  He believed British people were superior to both the Boers and African people.
• What did Milner think would happen if the Dutch outnumbered the British in South Africa?

  He believed it would lead to perpetual difficulty for the country.
• How did Milner view the indigenous population?

  He regarded them as "children, needing and appreciating a just paternal government."
• What was Milner's role in the Boer War?

  He presided over the resolution of the Boer War and negotiated peace at Vereeniging in 1902.
• What did Milner's Kindergarten aim to achieve after the Boer War?

  To resettle the Boers and promote economic growth, particularly in gold mining.
• What educational initiative did Milner introduce in South Africa?

  He introduced a vigorous English educational programme to anglicise South Africa.
• What was the outcome of Milner's plans for the future of the Transvaal?

  The new Liberal government rejected his plans.