BIO - Protein Synthesis

• What should you click to turn off captions in the video?

  Click CC at the bottom right
• What does DNA code for in relation to traits?

  DNA codes for the genetic information that results in traits like eye color
• What is the role of genes in relation to pigments?

  Genes code for proteins that help make pigments
• What is the process called that describes how DNA leads to protein production?

  Protein synthesis
• Why are proteins considered essential for life?

  Proteins perform various critical functions in the body
• Where is DNA located in the cell?

  In the nucleus
• What is noncoding DNA?

  Noncoding DNA does not code for proteins
• What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

  RNA helps transfer the genetic information from DNA to make proteins
• What are the two major steps in protein synthesis?

  Transcription and translation
• How can you remember the order of transcription and translation?

  Transcription comes before translation, as C comes before L in the alphabet
• What happens during transcription?

  DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) message
• What enzyme is responsible for connecting RNA bases to DNA during transcription?

  RNA polymerase
• What does mRNA stand for?

  Messenger RNA
• Why is mRNA not usually ready to go right away?

  It usually undergoes significant editing before it can be used
• Where does mRNA go after transcription?

  It goes out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm
• What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

  Ribosomes build proteins
• What does tRNA stand for?

  Transfer RNA
• What do tRNA molecules carry?

  They carry amino acids
• How does tRNA know which amino acids to bring?

  It follows the codons on the mRNA
• What is a codon?

  A codon is a sequence of three RNA bases
• What does the codon AUG code for?

  Methionine
• What is a start codon?

  A start codon is the first codon in mRNA that signals the start of protein synthesis
• How can multiple codons code for the same amino acid?

  There are more codon combinations than amino acids
• What amino acid does the codon CCA code for?

  Proline
• What holds amino acids together in a protein chain?

  Peptide bonds
• What indicates the end of protein synthesis?

  A stop codon
• What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

  DNA directs the entire protein building process
• What may occur after protein synthesis?

  Protein folding and modification may occur
• What is the main takeaway from the Amoeba Sisters video?

  Stay curious!