CP5 Synthesis of an Organic Liquid

• What is an organic liquid composed mainly of?

  Carbon and hydrogen
• An organic liquid is a substance composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen
• Ethanol can be synthesized from ethene through hydration.
• What is the chemical formula for ethene?

  $C_{2}H_{4}$
• Water acts as the hydrating agent
• What is the catalyst used in the synthesis of ethanol from ethene?

  Phosphoric acid
• Steps for setting up the reaction apparatus

  1️⃣ Position the reaction vessel over the heat source

  2️⃣ Attach the condenser vertically above the reaction vessel

  3️⃣ Connect the condenser to the receiving flask
• What is the process of forming a new substance from simpler compounds called?

  Synthesis
• Ethene is a simple alkene
• The temperature for the synthesis of ethanol is around 300°C.
• What is the role of water in the synthesis of ethanol?

  Hydrating agent
• What is the purpose of the condenser in the reaction apparatus?

  Converts vapors to liquid
• Steps for assembling the reaction apparatus

  1️⃣ Position the reaction vessel securely

  2️⃣ Attach the condenser vertically

  3️⃣ Connect the condenser to the receiving flask
• What is the catalyst used in the synthesis procedure for ethanol?

  Phosphoric acid
• The synthesis of ethanol requires a pressure of 60-70 atm
• The reaction should proceed until complete to maximize yield.
• Match the purification method with its description:

  Distillation ↔️ Separates liquids by boiling points

  Separation ↔️ Uses separatory funnels to separate liquids

  Filtration ↔️ Removes solid impurities from liquids
• Which purification method is used to separate ethanol from water?

  Distillation
• Ethene is a simple alkene
• The condenser is attached vertically to condense vapors.
• What does a heat source provide in a reaction?

  Energy for the reaction
• Steps to synthesize ethanol from ethene and water using phosphoric acid as a catalyst

  1️⃣ Place ethene and water in the reaction vessel

  2️⃣ Add the phosphoric acid catalyst

  3️⃣ Heat the mixture to 300°C under 60-70 atm pressure

  4️⃣ Allow the reaction to proceed until complete

  5️⃣ Collect the synthesized ethanol in the receiving flask
• The synthesis of ethanol from ethene and water requires heating to 300°C under 60-70 atm pressure
• Match the purification method with its description

  Distillation ↔️ Separates liquids based on boiling points

  Separation ↔️ Uses separatory funnels to separate liquids with different densities

  Filtration ↔️ Removes solid impurities using a filter
• To purify ethanol obtained from the synthesis of ethene and water, the common method used is distillation
• Anhydrous calcium chloride is highly effective for drying polar organic liquids

  False
• Match the drying agent with its effectiveness and use

  Anhydrous magnesium sulfate ↔️ Moderate, general drying

  Anhydrous calcium chloride ↔️ High, non-polar organic liquids

  Molecular sieves ↔️ Very high, very dry solvents
• What is compared in percentage yield calculations?

  Actual yield to theoretical yield
• The theoretical yield is calculated using the stoichiometry of the balanced reaction
• The formula for percentage yield is (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100
• What is the first step in calculating theoretical yield?

  Identify the limiting reactant
• Two common methods for purity analysis are chromatography and spectroscopy
• Match the purity analysis method with its description

  Chromatography ↔️ Separates components based on interactions

  Spectroscopy ↔️ Measures light interaction to identify structure
• What type of equipment should be used when working with volatile substances?

  Fume hood
• When synthesizing esters using sulfuric acid, it is safe to add the acid to water quickly without stirring

  False
• Chemical waste should be segregated and disposed of according to established protocols