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Edexcel A-Level Chemistry
Core Practicals
CP5 Synthesis of an Organic Liquid
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What is an organic liquid composed mainly of?
Carbon and hydrogen
An organic liquid is a substance composed mainly of carbon and
hydrogen
Ethanol can be synthesized from ethene through
hydration
.
What is the chemical formula for ethene?
C
2
H
4
C_{2}H_{4}
C
2
H
4
Water acts as the hydrating
agent
What is the catalyst used in the synthesis of ethanol from ethene?
Phosphoric acid
Steps for setting up the reaction apparatus
1️⃣ Position the reaction vessel over the heat source
2️⃣ Attach the condenser vertically above the reaction vessel
3️⃣ Connect the condenser to the receiving flask
What is the process of forming a new substance from simpler compounds called?
Synthesis
Ethene is a simple
alkene
The temperature for the synthesis of ethanol is around
300°C
.
What is the role of water in the synthesis of ethanol?
Hydrating agent
What is the purpose of the condenser in the reaction apparatus?
Converts vapors to liquid
Steps for assembling the reaction apparatus
1️⃣ Position the reaction vessel securely
2️⃣ Attach the condenser vertically
3️⃣ Connect the condenser to the receiving flask
What is the catalyst used in the synthesis procedure for ethanol?
Phosphoric acid
The synthesis of ethanol requires a pressure of 60-70
atm
The reaction should proceed until complete to maximize
yield
.
Match the purification method with its description:
Distillation ↔️ Separates liquids by boiling points
Separation ↔️ Uses separatory funnels to separate liquids
Filtration ↔️ Removes solid impurities from liquids
Which purification method is used to separate ethanol from water?
Distillation
Ethene is a simple
alkene
The condenser is attached vertically to condense
vapors
.
What does a heat source provide in a reaction?
Energy for the reaction
Steps to synthesize ethanol from ethene and water using phosphoric acid as a catalyst
1️⃣ Place ethene and water in the reaction vessel
2️⃣ Add the phosphoric acid catalyst
3️⃣ Heat the mixture to 300°C under 60-70 atm pressure
4️⃣ Allow the reaction to proceed until complete
5️⃣ Collect the synthesized ethanol in the receiving flask
The synthesis of ethanol from ethene and water requires heating to 300°C under 60-70
atm
pressure
Match the purification method with its description
Distillation ↔️ Separates liquids based on boiling points
Separation ↔️ Uses separatory funnels to separate liquids with different densities
Filtration ↔️ Removes solid impurities using a filter
To purify ethanol obtained from the synthesis of ethene and water, the common method used is
distillation
Anhydrous calcium chloride is highly effective for drying polar organic liquids
False
Match the drying agent with its effectiveness and use
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate ↔️ Moderate, general drying
Anhydrous calcium chloride ↔️ High, non-polar organic liquids
Molecular sieves ↔️ Very high, very dry solvents
What is compared in percentage yield calculations?
Actual yield to theoretical yield
The theoretical yield is calculated using the stoichiometry of the balanced
reaction
The formula for percentage yield is (Actual Yield /
Theoretical Yield
) * 100
What is the first step in calculating theoretical yield?
Identify the limiting reactant
Two common methods for purity analysis are chromatography and
spectroscopy
Match the purity analysis method with its description
Chromatography ↔️ Separates components based on interactions
Spectroscopy ↔️ Measures light interaction to identify structure
What type of equipment should be used when working with volatile substances?
Fume hood
When synthesizing esters using sulfuric acid, it is safe to add the acid to water quickly without stirring
False
Chemical waste should be segregated and disposed of according to established
protocols
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