structures

• What are giant covalent structures also known as?

  Macromolecular structures
• Name two examples of giant covalent structures.

  Diamond and graphite
• What characterizes the bonding in giant covalent structures?

  All atoms are covalently bonded in a continuous network
• Why do giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points?

  Because a lot of energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds
• Why do diamond and silica not conduct electricity?

  All their valence electrons are involved in bonding
• How does graphite conduct electricity?

  It has one delocalised electron free between the layers
• What are metallic structures characterized by?

  Closely-packed layers of atoms with delocalised electrons
• What is metallic bonding?

  The attraction between delocalised electrons and positively charged metal ions
• Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

  Due to the strong forces of attraction in metallic bonding
• What properties make metals malleable and ductile?

  The ability of atomic layers to slide over each other without breaking bonds
• Why are metals good conductors of heat and electricity?

  Because delocalised electrons can move freely to carry energy or charge
• What is the significance of metallic bonds in forming alloys?

  They allow metals to combine and modify properties
• What are the properties of giant covalent structures?


  • Very hard
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Do not conduct electricity (except graphite)
• How do the structures of giant covalent and metallic structures differ?

  • Giant covalent: Continuous network of covalent bonds
  • Metallic: Closely-packed layers with delocalised electrons
• What are the properties of metallic structures?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Malleable and ductile
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
• How can diagrams help in understanding giant covalent and metallic structures?

  • Visualize complex structures
  • Aid in remembering bonding arrangements
• Describe the structure and bonding of diamond 


  Diamond is a giant lattice with every carbon bonded to four other carbon‘s and so is covalent bonding