The Human Genome Project/Genetics

• What is the Human Genome Project?

  A collaboration between scientists to decode the human genome
• Why was the Human Genome Project completed quickly?

  Because many scientists worked on it simultaneously
• When was the Human Genome Project published?

  2003
• How are the results of the Human Genome Project being used?

  To develop new medicines and treatments for diseases
• What are the advantages of the Human Genome Project?

  • Alerts individuals to risks of certain diseases
  • Distinguishes between forms of diseases
  • Allows tailored treatments based on specific alleles
• What are the disadvantages of the Human Genome Project?

  • Increased life insurance costs for at-risk individuals
  • Risk of informing individuals about untreatable conditions
• What is one possible development from decoding the human genome?

  Genetic testing
• What is a potential implication of genetic testing?

  It can help families prepare for its effects
• What is gene therapy?

  Replacing faulty alleles in body cells with healthy ones
• What is a concern regarding gene therapy?

  Whether to replace faulty alleles in gametes
• What is the chance of having a child who cannot taste PTC if both parents are heterozygous?

  25% or ¼
• What does the Punnett square show in the context of tasting PTC?

  The genotypes and probabilities of offspring tasting PTC
• Why is not tasting PTC considered recessive?

  Because the son has a different phenotype from both parents
• What are the steps to explain genetic outcomes using a Punnett square?

  1. Draw the Punnett square
  2. Identify parental genotypes
  3. Calculate probabilities, ratios, or percentages
  4. Explain possible outcomes
• What trait is dominant in guinea pigs regarding coat type?

  Rough coat
• What was the outcome of breeding two rough-coated guinea pigs?

  They produced seven rough-coated and two smooth-coated offspring
• What is the probability of the offspring being rough-coated or smooth-coated from the guinea pig parents?

  Rough-coated: 78%, Smooth-coated: 22%
• What alleles are used to represent the dominant and recessive traits in guinea pigs?

  R for dominant and r for recessive
• What are the implications of the Human Genome Project's developments?

  • Potential for personalized medicine
  • Understanding evolutionary relationships
  • Ethical considerations in genetic testing and therapy