Selective Breeding

• What is selective breeding?

  Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants or animals for certain desirable characteristics.
• Why is selective breeding described as a way of manipulating genetics?

  Because it involves choosing specific traits to enhance in offspring.
• What are the reasons for selective breeding in plants and animals?

  • Increased yield
  • Disease resistance
  • Better ability to cope with difficult conditions
  • Faster growth
  • Better flavour
• What has been the main result of selective breeding in dairy cattle?

  Improved milk yield and quality.
• How much has the average milk yield per cow increased from 1977 to 2007?

  It has more than doubled in just over 50 years.
• What are some problems associated with high milk yield in cows due to selective breeding?

  Increased fertility problems and reduced lifespan.
• What is a potential cost of producing high-yielding individual cows through selective breeding?

  It may lead to increased veterinary bills and animal welfare concerns.
• What is genetic engineering?

  Genetic engineering involves modifying the genetic makeup of organisms.
• What are GM crops modified for?

  GM crops are modified to give resistance to pests and herbicides.
• What should be considered when evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding?

  One should consider the benefits and risks associated with selective breeding.
• What is one problem of selective breeding in crop plants?

  It can lead to reduced genetic diversity.
• What is the purpose of the worked examples mentioned in the study material?

  To illustrate concepts related to selective breeding and genetic engineering.
• What is the significance of improved management practices in dairy farming from 1977 to 2007?

  They contributed to better hygiene and reduced fertility problems.
• How does selective breeding impact animal welfare?

  It can improve production but may compromise animal welfare.
• What does the term "worked example" refer to in the context of the study material?

  It refers to examples used to illustrate concepts in selective breeding and genetic engineering.
• What are some potential benefits of GM crops?

  They can provide resistance to pests and increase yield.
• What should be considered when evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of GM crops?

  One should consider their environmental impact and health effects.