Genetic Engineering

• What is genetic engineering?

  It is changing the genome of an organism by introducing genes from another organism.
• What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

  GMOs are organisms whose genome has been altered through genetic engineering.
• What is one application of genetic engineering mentioned in the material?

  Making human insulin from genetically modified bacteria.
• What are the stages involved in genetic engineering to create GMOs?

  1. Identify the gene of interest.
  2. Isolate the gene.
  3. Insert the gene into the target organism's genome.
  4. Select and breed the modified organisms.
  5. Test the modified organisms for desired traits.
• How can GM crops with herbicide resistance be developed?

  By inserting a gene that provides resistance to herbicides into the crop's genome.
• What is the benefit of GM crops having resistance to insects?

  It helps the crops grow better and produce more food.
• Why might some people consider the use of genetically modified sheep unethical?

  Because the process involves manipulating the genetic makeup of living organisms.
• What is a potential use of genetically modified mice mentioned in the material?

  They are used for testing new treatments for diseases.
• What is the significance of the glow gene in modified mice?

  It allows scientists to easily identify cells that have the disease gene.
• How can scientists produce many mice with a human disease gene?

  By breeding the genetically modified mice that carry the gene.
• What should be included in a 6-mark extended response question on genetic engineering?

  • A clear and logical structure
  • Relevant points related to the question
  • Explanation of how points are interconnected
  • Consideration of broader implications or issues
• What issues might arise from the development of resistance to toxins by insects in GM crops?

  It could reduce the effectiveness of GM crops and lead to increased pest problems.
• What hormone can be produced by genetically modified bacteria?

  Human growth hormone.
• What is the impact of genetically modifying bacteria to produce human growth hormone?

  It provides a solution for children who do not produce enough growth hormone.