correlations

• What type of methods are mentioned as non-experimental methods?

  Correlations
• What do correlations tell us about the relationship between variables?

  They indicate the strength and direction of the relationship
• What type of data is analyzed in correlations?

  Quantitative data
• How should co-variables be represented in correlation analysis?

  Numerically
• Give an example of a correlation hypothesis related to stress and absences.

  There will be a positive correlation between stress scores and number of absences
• What is a non-directional correlation hypothesis?

  There will be a relationship between stress and the number of absences
• What are scatter diagrams used for in correlation analysis?

  To plot correlations
• What does it indicate when one co-variable increases and the other also increases?

  There is a positive correlation
• What does it indicate when one co-variable decreases and the other also decreases?

  There is a positive correlation
• What is quantitative data?

  Data given in a numerical format
• What is a strength of quantitative data?

  It is easy to analyze
• How can scores from quantitative data be represented for comparison?

  They can be converted into averages and displayed in charts or graphs
• What is a weakness of quantitative data?

  It lacks depth and detail
• What is primary data?

  Data collected first-hand by a researcher for a specific purpose
• What is a strength of primary data?

  It is collected specifically for the research aim
• What is a weakness of primary data collection?

  It takes time and effort to design and conduct
• What is secondary data?

  Data that has already been collected
• What is a strength of secondary data?

  It is easy to access and has already been analyzed
• What is a weakness of secondary data?

  It may not fit the researcher's needs and can be of poor quality
• What is meta-analysis?

  Research about research that combines results from multiple studies
• What does meta-analysis provide?

  An overall view of a particular topic
• What can meta-analysis involve?

  Qualitative reviews of conclusions and quantitative analysis of results
• What does quantitative analysis in meta-analysis produce?

  An effect size
• What is a curvilinear relationship?

  A relationship where the correlation changes direction at different levels of the variables
• How does general alertness change during the day?

  It rises during the day and then begins to decline