Chemistry

• What is the smallest particle of an element?

  Atom
• What is formed when two or more atoms are joined together?

  Molecule
• What is a compound?

  A compound is formed if the atoms in a molecule are not identical.
• What is an element?

  An element is formed if the atoms in a molecule are identical.
• What is the atomic number of Lithium?

  3
• What is the symbol for Sodium?

  Na
• What are the main categories of elements in the Periodic Table?

  Reactive metals, transition metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
• What are the sub-atomic particles of an atom?

  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
• What is an isotope?

  An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
• Is a covalent bond between metals and non-metals, or between two non-metals?


  Between two non-metals
• What type of elements bon ionically?


  Metal and non-metal elements.
• How many electeons have to be in the outer shell for it to be stable?


  8 (full outer shell)
• What is metallic bonding?


  Bonding between two metals.
• Name some graphenes and fullerenes.

  Carbon, Carbon Nanotube, Graphene

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What is a graphene?


  Forms of carbon
• What are isotopes?

  Different forms of the same element
• How do isotopes differ from each other?

  They have different numbers of neutrons
• What do isotopes have in common?

  Same number of protons
• What is the relationship between atomic number and mass number in isotopes?

  Same atomic number, different mass numbers
• Give an example of a pair of isotopes.

  Carbon-12 and carbon-13
• What does the periodic table show next to each element?

  Two numbers representing atomic properties
• What are isotopic abundances?

  Different quantities of isotopes present
• How do you calculate the relative atomic mass from isotopic abundances?

  Average mass of all atoms based on abundance
• Describe the bonding of an oxygen molecule

  The two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons. This forms a double covalent bond
• What are isotopes?

  atoms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
• Explain why graphite can conduct electricity

  it contains delocalised electrons which are free to move
• What does a pH of 7 indicate?

  A neutral solution
• What is an alkali?

  A soluble base
• How does the concentration of hydrogen ions change as the pH increases from 2 to 3?

  It decreases by a factor of 10.
• What are the products in the electrolysis of molten potassium bromide?

  Potassium metal and bromine gas
• True or false? "An alkaline turn red litmus to blue."

  True
• What happens to positively charged ions at the cathode during electrolysis?

  They are reduced.
• What does a solution of potassium hydroxide react with nitric acid to produce?

  A salt and water.
• True or False? "Hydroxide ions make solutions acidic."

  False
• True or False: “Paper chromatography can be used to separate out the different elements within a compound.”

  False
• When using fractional distillation, which liquid will be collected first?

  The liquid with the lowest boiling point.
• Which change of state does not take place at the boiling point of a substance?

  Freezing
• Which process can be used to obtain solid sugar from a water and sugar solution?

  Crystallisation
• What happens when a substance changes from a gas into a liquid?

  The particles lose energy and move closer together.
• How many different phases are used in paper chromatography?

  2