4 - Structure and Bonding

• What type of substances are ionic substances?

  Compounds formed by ionic bonds
• What are giant covalent substances made of?

  Atoms bonded by covalent bonds
• What is a characteristic of metals?

  Good conductors of heat and electricity
• What is diamond primarily composed of?

  Carbon atoms arranged in a lattice
• How does the structure of carbon nanotubes affect their properties?

  They have high strength and electrical conductivity
• What are the forms of carbon mentioned?

  Graphene, fullerenes, graphite
• What is buckminster fullerene also known as?

  C60 fullerene
• What is the structure of graphene?

  One layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice
• What is a characteristic of graphite's structure?

  It has layers held together by weak bonds
• How do the layers in graphite interact with each other?

  They slide over each other easily due to weak bonds
• What is the main property of graphene?

  High electrical conductivity
• What is the structure of graphite?

  Layers of carbon atoms in a hexagonal arrangement
• What is the significance of weak bonds between layers in graphite?

  They allow layers to slide, making graphite lubricative
• What are the key properties of carbon allotropes like diamond, graphite, and graphene?

  • Diamond: Hard, transparent, high melting point
  • Graphite: Soft, conducts electricity, layers slide easily
  • Graphene: Strong, lightweight, excellent conductor