diet + health

• What is diabetes mellitus caused by?

  A deficiency in the production of insulin by the pancreas or the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced
• What are the two main types of diabetes mellitus?

  • Type 1
  • Type 2
• What happens in Type 1 diabetes?

  The pancreas fails to produce insulin
• Who is more likely to develop Type 1 diabetes?

  Children and adolescents
• How is Type 1 diabetes controlled?

  By diet and insulin injections
• What type of condition is Type 1 diabetes?

  It is an autoimmune condition and is not lifestyle related
• Is Type 1 diabetes preventable?

  No, it is non-preventable
• What characterizes Type 2 diabetes?

  The body is unable to respond properly to insulin produced in the pancreas
• What percentage of diabetes cases worldwide is Type 2 diabetes?

  It accounts for 90% of all diabetes worldwide
• Who is mainly affected by Type 2 diabetes?

  Adults over 40 who are overweight
• What is the trend regarding Type 2 diabetes in children?

  The incidence is increasing in children due to obesity
• How is Type 2 diabetes controlled?

  By diet alone or by diet and tablets that control blood sugar levels
• What are common symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

  • Excessive thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Weight loss
  • Tiredness
  • Blurred vision
• Why is it important to eat regularly balanced meals for diabetes management?

  It helps to avoid hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, both of which can lead to a coma
• What should people with diabetes try to eat daily to help control blood glucose levels?

  A similar amount of starchy foods such as bread or rice
• What type of diet should people with diabetes follow?

  A low glycemic index (GI) diet
• Why should foods high in fat be avoided by people with diabetes?

  To reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke and to help keep weight under control
• Why should salt intake be limited for individuals with diabetes?

  Too much salt can increase blood pressure
• How does fiber benefit individuals with diabetes mellitus?

  It slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream, providing a steady release of energy
• What is the effect of a high fiber diet on blood cholesterol levels?

  It helps to lower blood cholesterol, reducing the risk of coronary heart disease
• What are common causes of constipation?

  Lack of fiber in the diet and insufficient water intake
• What are the symptoms of constipation?

  • Infrequent bowel movements
  • Cramps
  • Hard, small, and difficult to expel feces
• What are the specific dietary requirements for managing diabetes?

  • Eat regularly balanced meals
  • Control starchy food intake
  • Follow a low glycemic index (GI) diet
  • Avoid high-fat foods
  • Limit salt intake
• What lifestyle changes are recommended for diabetes management?

  • Follow a low-cholesterol, low-salt diet
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Do not smoke
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Increase exercise
• What dietary guidelines should be followed for diabetes management?

  • Reduce intake of saturated fats
  • Include mono- and polyunsaturated oils
  • Increase fiber intake
  • Use chicken and fish as protein sources
• What is a vegan diet?

  • A plant-based diet that excludes all foods of animal origin
• What is a lacto-vegetarian diet?

  • A plant-based diet that excludes meat, fish, poultry, and eggs but includes dairy products
• What is a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet?

  • A plant-based diet that excludes meat, fish, poultry but includes eggs and dairy products
• What are good alternatives to animal protein foods in vegetarian diets?

  • Vegetable protein foods such as soya protein, Quorn, nuts, and pulses
• What nutrients should be included in a vegetarian diet?

  • Fresh fruits and vegetables for vitamins and minerals
  • Fortified cereals and soya products for vitamins B12 and D
  • Dairy products and eggs for protein, calcium, and vitamin D
• What are the benefits of vegetarian diets?

  • Lower saturated fats and cholesterol
  • Reduced incidence of intestinal disorders
  • Lower risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes
  • Less sodium intake
• How is mycoprotein produced?

  • Fungus cells are fermented under ideal conditions
  • Cells are harvested, filtered, and drained
  • Mycoprotein is textured to resemble meat
• What is the final form of mycoprotein used in food production?

  It is sliced, diced, shredded, and steamed to set the binder