Daily Hassles

• What is a strength of the Daily hassles approach?

  There is research explaining why hassles may be more stressful than life changes.
• What did Flett et al. (1995) ask participants to do in their study?

  They asked participants to read a scenario describing an individual who experienced either a major life event or daily hassles.
• What did participants predict about individuals who experienced major life events compared to those who experienced daily hassles?

  Participants predicted that individuals with major life events would seek and receive more social support.
• Why is the finding about social support significant in relation to daily hassles?

  It suggests that a lack of emotional support contributes to increased stress from daily hassles.
• How does social support during significant life changes, like divorce, affect stress levels?

  It may act as a buffer to reduce stress.
• What conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between hassles and life events in terms of stress?

  Hassles are more significantly linked to stress than life events.
• What is one limitation of research into daily hassles?

  Issues with the reliability of recall
• Why is the reliability of recall a limitation in daily hassles research?

  Because participants may not accurately remember past hassles and uplifts
• In Kanner et al.'s study, what scale did participants use to recall daily hassles?

  The Hassles and Uplifts scale
• How does retrospective data affect the accuracy of recall in daily hassles research?

  It may lead to inaccuracies in recalling hassles and uplifts
• How might neuroticism influence recall of daily hassles and uplifts?

  People with higher neuroticism may remember hassles more and uplifts less
• What is the impact of unreliable recall on the findings of daily hassles research?

  It reduces the internal validity and reliability of the findings
• What method have some researchers used to overcome the problem of retrospective recall?

  The diary method
• How did Charles's study address the issue of retrospective recall?

  Participants reported daily hassles and feelings of well-being for eight consecutive days
• What does Charles's study demonstrate about alternative methods in research?

  They can provide more valid data by avoiding retrospective recall issues
• What are the key points regarding the limitations of research into daily hassles?

  • Issues with reliability of recall
  • Use of retrospective data can lead to inaccuracies
  • Neuroticism may affect recall accuracy
  • Reduces internal validity and reliability of findings
• What are the advantages of using the diary method in research on daily hassles?

  • Participants record daily hassles and well-being
  • Avoids problems of retrospective recall
  • Provides more valid and reliable data
• What is one limitation of research into daily hassles?

  It relies on self-report.
• What do participants do in the hassles and uplifts scale?

  Participants rate the hassles/uplifts they have experienced.
• Why is social desirability bias a concern in research on daily hassles?

  Participants may not want to appear in a ‘bad light’ and admit to daily hassles.
• How might participants respond to daily hassles in order to avoid seeming negative?

  Some people may play down the severity of daily hassles.
• What is the implication of self-reporting on the validity of research on daily hassles in stress and illness?

  Research lacks validity due to potential biases in self-reporting.
• What is the effect of social desirability bias on research findings?

  It can lead to underreporting of daily hassles.
• Why might participants downplay the severity of daily hassles?

  They may not want to seem negative.
• How does the reliance on self-report affect the conclusions drawn from research on daily hassles?

  It raises concerns about the validity of the conclusions.
• What is a limitation of the Daily hassles approaches?

  There are gender differences in what constitutes a hassle.
• How do pets serve different roles for females and males according to Miller?

  For females, pets are associated with uplifts like leisure, while for males, pets are linked to hassles like time and money.
• Why is it difficult to define a hassle objectively?

  Because of individual differences in how things are perceived.
• What implication does the difficulty in defining hassles have on comparisons between people?

  It might be hard to compare different people or be sure of the effect of hassles and uplifts.
• What roles do pets serve for females according to Miller?

  Pets are associated with uplifts such as leisure and lack of psychological pressure.
• What roles do pets serve for males according to Miller?

  Pets are more likely to be associated with hassles such as time and money needed to take care of them.