suburbanisation

• Define suburbanisation 


  The outward growth of urban development which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into a larger urban agglomeration
• What is urban sprawl and why is it a problem?


  Urban sprawl is the physical spreading of a city into surrounding countryside areas and this puts pressure on Greenfield sites and on nature. In Britain, the suburbs are predominantly residential in and on nature.
• What is the type of suburbanisation during the industrial revolution?


  Middle-class families moved from the urban areas into suburb in large Victorian
• what is the type of suburbanisation during the war and post war?

  More rapid growth of suburbs and were characterised by larger plots with semidetached and detached housing. The growth took the form of a ribbon development
• What type of suburbanisation is happening now?


  Increased building density and many modern suburbs include flats and taller town houses with smaller gardens
• What type of suburbanisation is happening in Council housing?


  Councils also built social housing estates at the edge of cities such as Castle Vale in Birmingham. This was to the growing urban population after slum demolition.
• What are the characteristics of urban areas?

  1. Smaller more cramped houses
  2. flats
  3. more access to services
  4. less green space
  5. brownfield sites
• What are the characteristics of suburban areas ?

  1. Semi detached or detached housing
  2. Less access to services
  3. More green space
  4. Greenfield sites
• What are the pull factors to the suburbs?

  1. More space
  2. Green space
  3. Larger houses
  4. Better transport links
  5. Less congestion
  6. Better education
• What are the push factors from the inner city ?

  1. Air pollution
  2. Congestion
  3. Overcrowding
  4. Noise pollution
  5. Council housing
• What are the main causes of suburbanisation?

  1. Cheaper housing in the suburbs
  2. Access to larger town shopping centres
  3. Work from home
  4. Green space
  5. Less crime
  6. Good community
  7. Neighbourhood watch
  8. More easy to commute
  9. People living in suburbs are happier
• What are the effects of suburbanisation on urban areas?

  1. Suburbanisation of jobs leads to decreased employment opportunities leading to increased unemployment and poverty here
  2. Increased number of vacant and derelict buildings
  3. increased industrial and residential clearance for improved transport networks as demand from commuters increases
  4. Environmental improvements of derelict land and potential for more recreational and open spaces
  5. Decreasing need for high rise, high density housing, leading to clearance and replacement by lower density housing .
• What are the effects of suburbanisation on suburban areas ?

  1. Increasing demand for retail facilities
  2. Increases in and out of city traffic
  3. Increased employment opportunities in offices and shops that are now here
  4. The price of land increases
  5. Outlying villages lose character/community/school places for locals .
• Positives of suburbanisation on the inner city .

  1. suburbs mean that there is less need for high rise, high density housing
  2. The greater availability of space created by clearance of inner city areas allows for improved communication networks
  3. Derelict land can be cleared in the inner city allowing for increased opportunity for environmental improvement of that land to create recreational open spaces .
• Negatives of suburbanisation on the inner city.

  1. suburbanisation can lead to the decline of inner city areas as skilled people and businesses move away
  2. The suburbanisation of jobs leads to fewer employment opportunities leading to a spiral of decline in inner city areas
  3. Communities are split up and damaged as people migrate out to the suburbs
  4. Suburbanisation means that more buildings are left vacant
  5. The large income gaps between suburb and inner city lead to polarisation and resentment. This results in SOCIAL EXCLUSION and SEGREGATION, as many people cannot afford to live in the suburbs .
• Positive effects of suburbanisation on the rural-urban fringe .

  1. The local tax base increases which means that councils can afford to develop new facilities and services in the expanding suburbs
  2. As wealthy people move in there is increasing demand for recreational facilities such as golf courses and gyms
  3. Wealthy people also want to shop, and in Britain this has created demand for retailing which has resulted in the development of retail parks at the edge of the city .
• Negative effects of suburbanisation on the rural-urban fringe

  1. land increases in price as demand increases at the city edge
  2. The green belt, designed to limit city growth is put under increasing pressure
  3. Increased commuting=increased congestion and pollution
  4. Decay of local village community atmosphere
  5. The city increases in size as the demand for low density housing increases
  6. urban SPRAWL occurs, low density urban development that damages the environment and increases commuting .