Humanism

• What does the humanistic approach emphasize in understanding behavior?

  The importance of subjective experience and self-determination
• How does the humanistic approach view the image of being human?

  It focuses on the positive image of what it means to be human
• Who developed the humanistic approach in the 1950s?

  Rogers and Maslow
• What are the key focuses of the humanistic perspective?

  • Personal responsibility
  • Free Will
  • Individual striving for personal growth and development
• What does the humanistic approach emphasize about conscious awareness?

  It emphasizes that we can choose how we would like to behave
• How does the humanistic approach view the study of humans scientifically?

  It believes studying humans scientifically is dehumanising
• What is necessary to study human behavior according to the humanistic approach?

  Insight into people's perceptions and subjective experiences
• What qualitative research methods do humanistic psychologists prefer?

  1. Unstructured interviews
  2. Participant observation
  3. Diaries, letters, and biographical material
• What is the purpose of unstructured interviews in humanistic research?

  To access other people's views and experiences without imposing the researcher's ideas
• What does participant observation involve in humanistic research?

  The researcher takes part in what the participants are studying
• Why do humanistic psychologists analyze diaries and letters?

  To gain insight into how people see their world
• What concept did Maslow develop related to happiness?

  The hierarchy of needs
• What is self-actualisation according to Maslow?

  The desire to grow psychologically and fulfill one's potential
• What are the two basic needs identified by Carl Rogers?

  Positive regard from others and a feeling of self-worth
• What must congruence between self-concept and ideal self lead to according to Rogers?

  Personal growth
• How does Rogers explain issues like self-esteem in adults?

  They have roots in childhood and a lack of unconditional positive regard
• What are conditions of worth according to Rogers?

  Boundaries set by parents on their love
• What is the aim of Person/Client Centred Therapy?

  • Increase self-worth
  • Reduce incongruence between self-concept and ideal self
  • Non-directive approach encouraging self-discovery
• What are the three essential qualities an effective therapist should provide?

  Genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Rogers' therapy?

  Strengths:

  • Transformed psychotherapy
  • Introduced various counseling techniques

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Limited effectiveness for serious disorders
  • Most effective for anxiety and low self-worth
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the humanistic approach?

  Strengths:

  • Advocates holistic understanding of behavior
  • Practical applications like person-centred therapy
  • Promotes positive human potential

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Cultural bias towards individualistic cultures
  • Untestable concepts lacking empirical evidence
• Why is the humanistic approach considered holistic?

  It considers the whole person rather than breaking behavior into components
• What is a criticism regarding the cultural applicability of the humanistic approach?

  It has cultural bias towards individualistic cultures like the USA
• What is a weakness of the humanistic approach related to its concepts?

  It has untestable concepts that lack empirical evidence
• What did Rogers develop to bring scientific rigor into his work on Humanism?

  The Q-sort