Ionic bonding

• ions form as a result of atoms gaining or losing an electron to become isoelectronic with a noble gas - noble gases have full valance shells, making them stable
• metals lose valance electrons to form positive ions (cations)
• non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions)
• ions of opposing charge experience an electrostatic attraction which holds them within a lattice structure
• ionic bond - the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions
• ionic radius increases as you move down a group as the number of electron orbitals increase
• ionic radius decreases as you move across a period from left to right
• ionic radius increases with increasing negative charge and decreases with increases positive charge
• ions with a negative charge have extra electrons, which repel each other and increase the ionic radius
• ions with a positive charge have fewer electrons, which are attracted to the nucleus and decrease the ionic radius