learning theory

• What does the term 'stimulus' refer to?

  A thing or event that induces a specific reaction
• response ?

  A reaction to something
• cognition?

  As the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge through thought, experience, and the senses
• learning?

  Knowledge acquired through study, experience, or being taught
• What is an unconditioned stimulus?

  A stimulus that always naturally causes a response
• What is a conditioned stimulus?

  A previously neutral stimulus that comes to cause a response through training or learning
• What is an unconditioned response?

  An unlearned, natural response
• What is a conditioned response?

  An automatic response caused through training to a neutral stimulus
• How does a conditioned stimulus differ from an unconditioned stimulus?

  A conditioned stimulus requires training to elicit a response, while an unconditioned stimulus does not
• classical conditioning - an neutral stimulus that is associated with a natural response
• operant conditioning

  a response that is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment
• observational learning

  learning that occurs through observation and imitation of others
• positive reinforcement

  • giving a positive reward to encourage good behaviour
• Negative reinforcement

  • a response is strengthened by removing a negative outcome
• Positive punishment

  • presenting a negative consequence for an undesirable behaviour
• Negative punishment

  • removing a positive thing to reduce the occurrence of a bad behaviour
• Habituation

  a learned behaviour in which an individual's response to stimuli decreases over time
• Sensitisation

  an increase responsiveness to repeated application of stimulus or to aversive stimulus.