greece

• What does the term "Thalassocracy" refer to in the context of ancient Greece?


  It refers to a civilization developed around maritime trade.
• What are the seas that surround Greece?

  The Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea.
• What are the key geographical features of Greece?

  • Rough mountains
  • Narrow valleys
  • No navigable rivers
  • Limited agricultural products (olives and grapes)
  • Mediterranean climate with moderate temperatures
• Who discovered the Minoan civilization?

  Sir Arthur Evans.
• What does "Minoan" refer to in ancient history?

  Minoan refers to the legend of King Minos.
• What was the Minoan civilization a product of?

  A merging between inhabitants from Crete and Asia Minor.
• What significant ruins did Evans discover?

  The ruins of the Palace of Knossos.
• What advanced features did the Minoan civilization have?

  Indoor plumbing for bathing and flush toilets.
• What does the Minoan civilization suggest about its society?

  • Stylish dresses of women indicated prosperity.
  • Produced olive oil and pottery for trade.
  • No existence of walls or moats.
  • Religion focused on a god or goddess, with the Minotaur being significant.
  • Bull leaping was a religious practice.
  • Civilization collapsed due to natural disasters and conquest.
• Who discovered the Mycenaean civilization?

  Heinrich Schliemann.
• Where did the Mycenaean civilization flourish?

  In Peloponnesus.
• What marked the Bronze Age in Mycenaean civilization?

  The use of bronze as the primary metal for warfare.
• What was a significant architectural feature of Mycenaean cities?

  Protective walls as thick as 20 feet.
• What led to the shift of Aegean civilization to Mainland Greece?

  The collapse of Knossos.
• What significant event is associated with the city of Troy?

  The Trojan War.
• What was the cause of the Trojan War according to Homer's Iliad?

  The kidnapping of a Greek queen, Helen, by the Trojan Prince, Paris.
• How long did the siege of Troy last?

  10 years.
• What strategy did the Greeks use to defeat the Trojans?

  They built the Trojan Horse.
• What characterized the Classical Period in Greek history?

  • Rediscovery of the arts of civilization.
  • Engagement in long-range trade.
  • Production of well-crafted pottery.
  • Development of political character based on rationality and equality.
• What is a polis in ancient Greece?

  • A city-state that served as a political unit.
  • The acropolis was the nerve center, meaning "high city."
  • Served as a refuge and site for temples, like the Parthenon.
• What did citizenship in a polis entail?

  Membership and participation in political and religious activities.
• Who could be a citizen in ancient Greece?

  Only adult males who could afford arms.
• What was the role of the assembly or ecclesia in Greek governance?

  It was a forum for discussing and arguing views about affairs.
• What were the rights of citizens in ancient Greece?

  Right to vote, elect officials, and serve as officials.
• Who founded the Council of Elders in ancient Greece?

  Solon.
• What was the function of Archons in Greek city-states?

  They were state officials presiding in courts and governing the city-state.
• How were Archons chosen in ancient Greece?

  By lot from a shortlist produced by tribes.
• What was the term length for Archons?

  One year.
• What were the exclusions from citizenship in ancient Greece?

  • Women
  • Resident foreigners
  • Slaves
  • The poor
• What was the military formation known as the Phalanx?

  A close-order battle formation of heavily armored infantry.
• How many men typically made up a Phalanx?

  64 men, arranged 8 men deep and 8 men across.
• What were the Olympic Games dedicated to?

  Zeus.
• When were the Olympic Games first held?

  In 776 BCE.
• What was the most prestigious event in the Olympic Games?

  The pentathlon.
• What events were included in the pentathlon?

  • Broad jump
  • Discus hurl
  • Javelin throw
  • Stadium sprint
  • Wrestling (palestra)
• What were the prizes for winning the Olympic Games?

  A wreath of olive leaves, a parade, and days of feasting.
• What were the Heraean Games dedicated to?

  Hera.
• What was the structure of the Heraean Games?

  Women were divided into 3 teams according to age.
• What was the nature of Greek religion?

  It was polytheistic with 12 Olympian gods.
• What were the characteristics of the Olympian gods?

  They were anthropomorphic and capable of human emotions.