ionic B-btw(1&7)

• What is the purpose of drawing Dot and cross diagrams?

  To show ionic bonding
• In which group is argon found?

  Group zero
• What is the maximum number of electrons the first energy level can hold?

  Two electrons
• How many electrons can the second energy level hold?

  Eight electrons
• What is the maximum number of electrons the third energy level can hold?

  Eight electrons
• Why are noble gases unreactive?

  They have a full outer energy level
• What do elements react to achieve?

  A full outer energy level
• What type of elements typically react in ionic bonding?

  A metal and a non-metal
• Which group one metal is used as an example in ionic bonding with fluorine?

  Lithium
• How many electrons does a lithium atom have?

  Three electrons
• How many electrons are in the outer energy level of a lithium atom?

  One electron
• What charge do electrons have?

  Negative charge
• How many protons does a lithium atom have?

  Three positive protons
• What is the overall charge of a neutral lithium atom?

  No overall charge
• How many electrons does a fluorine atom have?

  Nine electrons
• How many electrons are in the outer energy level of a fluorine atom?

  Seven electrons
• What is the overall charge of a neutral fluorine atom?

  No overall charge
• What happens to the lithium atom when it reacts with fluorine?

  The lithium atom loses its outer electron
• What happens to the fluorine atom when it reacts with lithium?

  The fluorine atom gains an electron
• What charge does the lithium ion have after losing an electron?

  One positive charge
• What charge does the fluorine ion have after gaining an electron?

  One negative charge
• What do we call an atom with an overall charge?

  An ion
• What do both lithium ion and fluorine ion achieve after the reaction?

  A full outer energy level
• What stable electronic structure do both ions have after the reaction?

  The stable electronic structure of a noble gas
• What is the typical exam question regarding ionic bonding often about?

  The reaction between a group one metal and a group seven non-metal
• What does the Dot and cross diagram show in the exam question example?

  The outer energy levels of the reacting atoms
• What happens to the electron during the reaction between sodium and chlorine?

  One electron passes from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom
• What do both sodium and chlorine achieve after the reaction?

  A full outer energy level
• What are the key facts about ionic bonding?

  • Elements react to achieve a full outer energy level.
  • Metals lose electrons to form positive ions.
  • Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.
  • Both ions achieve a stable electronic structure of a noble gas.
• What is the process of ionic bonding between lithium and fluorine?

  1. Lithium loses one electron.
  2. Fluorine gains that electron.
  3. Lithium becomes a lithium ion with a +1 charge.
  4. Fluorine becomes a fluoride ion with a -1 charge.
  5. Both ions achieve a full outer energy level.
• What is the process of ionic bonding between sodium and chlorine?

  1. Sodium loses one electron.
  2. Chlorine gains that electron.
  3. Sodium becomes a sodium ion with a +1 charge.
  4. Chlorine becomes a chloride ion with a -1 charge.
  5. Both ions achieve a full outer energy level.