CB in water,methane,ammonia

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on covalent bonding?

  How electrons are shared in covalent bonding
• What is a covalent bond?

  A shared pair of electrons between non-metal elements
• Which types of elements participate in covalent bonding?

  Non-metal elements
• What is the strength of a covalent bond?

  A covalent bond is a strong bond
• Which molecules were discussed in the context of covalent bonding?

  Water, ammonia, and methane
• What is the chemical formula for water?

  H2O
• How many hydrogen atoms are in a water molecule?

  Two hydrogen atoms
• How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule?

  One oxygen atom
• How many electrons does an oxygen atom have in total?

  Eight electrons
• How many electrons are in the first energy level of an oxygen atom?

  Two electrons
• How many electrons are in the outer energy level of an oxygen atom?

  Six electrons
• How many electrons does a hydrogen atom have?

  One electron
• How many hydrogen atoms are required for the oxygen atom to achieve a full outer energy level in water?

  Two hydrogen atoms
• How many more electrons does the oxygen atom require to achieve a full outer energy level?

  Two more electrons
• What is formed when the outer energy levels of hydrogen and oxygen overlap?

  A shared pair of electrons
• How many covalent bonds are present in a water molecule?

  Two covalent bonds
• What does a single line represent in the stick diagram of a covalent bond?

  A single covalent bond
• What is the formula for ammonia?

  NH3
• How many hydrogen atoms are in an ammonia molecule?

  Three hydrogen atoms
• How many electrons does a nitrogen atom have in its outer energy level?

  Five electrons
• How many covalent bonds does an ammonia molecule have?

  Three covalent bonds
• What is the formula for methane?

  CH4
• How many hydrogen atoms are in a methane molecule?

  Four hydrogen atoms
• How many electrons does a carbon atom have in its outer energy level?

  Four electrons
• How many covalent bonds does a methane molecule have?

  Four covalent bonds
• What do the energy level diagrams for water, ammonia, and methane show?

  They show how the atoms achieve full outer energy levels through covalent bonding
• What are the diagrams used to represent covalent bonding in molecules?

  • Energy level diagrams
  • Dot and cross diagrams
  • Stick diagrams
• What is the significance of the stick diagram in covalent bonding?

  • Represents covalent bonds
  • A single line indicates a single covalent bond
• What is the process of drawing covalent bonding diagrams for molecules?

  1. Identify the atoms and their electrons
  2. Determine how many electrons are needed for full outer levels
  3. Show overlapping energy levels
  4. Draw the appropriate diagrams (energy level, dot and cross, stick)