Milgram

• What is the psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose according to Milgram?

  Obedience
• How does Milgram define obedience?

  Abdication of individual judgement under social pressure
• What are the three components of obedience as described by Milgram?

  Orders, authority figure, social power maintenance
• What does obedience serve according to Milgram?

  Productive functions essential for society's survival
• What historical events influenced Milgram's study on obedience?

  The systematic slaughter of millions from 1933-45
• What was the aim of Milgram's study?

  To investigate how far individuals obey authority
• How is Milgram's study classified in terms of research method?

  Controlled observation
• Where did Milgram's study take place?

  Laboratory at Yale University
• How many male participants were involved in Milgram's study?

  40 male participants
• How were participants recruited for Milgram's study?

  Newspaper advertisement and direct mail solicitation
• What was the payment for participants in Milgram's study?

  $4.50
• What was the procedure for the 'teacher' in Milgram's study?

  Conduct a paired word test and administer shocks
• What was the maximum voltage on the shock generator used in Milgram's study?

  450 volts
• What were some signs of stress shown by participants during Milgram's study?

  Sweating, trembling, stuttering, nervous laughter
• What did Milgram suggest influenced high levels of obedience?

  Prestige of Yale and perceived harmlessness of shocks
• What is one conclusion from Milgram's study?

  Ordinary people can commit inhumane acts
• How do individual differences affect obedience according to Milgram?

  Personality influences the extent of obedience
• What did Bocchiaro's study aim to replicate from Milgram's findings?

  The gap between predicted and actual obedience levels
• What are the key findings of Milgram's study on obedience?

  • 100% of participants continued to 300 volts
  • 65% of participants reached 450 volts
  • Participants showed signs of extreme stress
  • Many participants expressed relief after the study
• What are the implications of Milgram's and Bocchiaro's studies on obedience and disobedience?

  • Ordinary people can commit inhumane acts
  • Understanding disobedience is crucial for social progress
  • Individual and situational factors influence obedience
• How does Milgram (1970) explain urban versus rural helping behavior?

  Urban dwellers cope with stimulus overload differently