Topic 1 - Cell Biology

• What are the two main types of cells discussed in the video?

  Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
• What is a key feature of both animal and plant cells?

  They both have a nucleus
• What does the nucleus contain in eukaryotic cells?

  The genetic material, or DNA
• How is the genetic material organized in eukaryotic cells?

  It is enclosed in a nucleus
• What are the two additional features of animal and plant cells besides the nucleus?

  Cell membrane and cytoplasm
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  It acts as a barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells regarding their genetic material?

  The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus
• How do prokaryotic cells compare in size to eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is the structure of the genetic material in bacteria?

  It consists of a single loop of DNA
• What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

  Small rings of DNA
• What additional structure do prokaryotic cells have besides the cell membrane?

  A cell wall
• What type of cell wall do prokaryotic cells have?

  A bacterial cell wall
• What do prokaryotic cells contain besides the cell membrane and cell wall?

  Cytoplasm
• What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.
  • Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
  • Eukaryotic cells contain multiple linear chromosomes; prokaryotic cells have a single loop of DNA.
  • Prokaryotic cells may have plasmids, while eukaryotic cells do not.
• What are the similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • Both have a cell membrane.
  • Both contain cytoplasm.
  • Both have genetic material (DNA).
• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  The size of cells
• What prefixes should you be able to use after watching the video?

  CTI, milli, micro, and nano
• Why might the material seem tricky?

  You might need to watch the video a couple of times to understand the ideas
• What are the two types of cells discussed in the previous video?

  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
• How do prokaryotic cells compare in size to eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is the standard unit of measurement for sizes in science?

  The meter
• Why are objects in biology often measured in smaller units?

  Because they are often much smaller than a meter
• What is the average length of a German shepherd?

  Around 1 meter
• What does the prefix "centi" mean?

  One hundredth
• How is 1 centimeter expressed in standard form?

  1 cm is \(1 \times 10^{-2}\) m
• What is the width of a little finger approximately?

  Around 1 centimeter
• What does the prefix "milli" mean?

  One thousandth
• How is 1 millimeter expressed in standard form?

  1 mm is \(1 \times 10^{-3}\) m
• What is the approximate size of the tip of a ballpoint pen?

  Around 1 millimeter
• What does the prefix "micro" mean?

  One millionth
• How is 1 micrometer expressed in standard form?

  1 micrometer is \(1 \times 10^{-6}\) m
• What is the typical size range of a human cell?

  Around 10 to 20 micrometers
• Why do biologists find micrometers useful?

  Because they are a useful unit for measuring cells
• What is the smallest unit discussed for measuring objects inside cells?

  The nanometer
• What does the prefix "nano" mean?

  One billionth
• How is 1 nanometer expressed in standard form?

  1 nanometer is \(1 \times 10^{-9}\) m
• What is the approximate diameter of a molecule of hemoglobin?

  Around 5 nanometers
• In what context are proteins and cells measured using nanometers?

  To describe their small sizes
• What are the key prefixes used to describe sizes in biology?

  • Centi (1/100)
  • Milli (1/1000)
  • Micro (1/1,000,000)
  • Nano (1/1,000,000,000)