multi store model

• Memory is the process of storing and receiving information
• HM case study-

  7 when he suffered and accident which caused him to have vacant moments and seizures. Had his hippocampus removed which lost his ability to make new memories. However, mirror experiment revealed he could still learn new skills and make unconscious memories
• Multi-store memory model was created by Atkinson and shiffrin
• Environmental input->sensory register-attention>short term memory (rehearsal)->(recall and consolidation) long term memory
• assumptions of msm:

  -consists of 3 seperate stores

  -info passes through model in linear way

  -info first enters sensory register

  -if attended to then it is transferred to short term memory

  -information is then transferred to long term memory through rehearsal

  -info is transferred back to stm for recall
• sensory register-

  -entry point for raw information from the senses

  -retains info long enough for us to decide if it needs futher processing

  encoding: we have a sensory register for each sense
• george sperling 1960 investigated the rate of forgetting from the sensory register by using the letter grid
• capacity is how much info the store can retain
• duration is how long the store can retain info for
• encoding is the format in which info is stored
• sensory register:

  capacity-unlimited

  duration-less then one second

  encoding-dependent on sense perceiving the information
• short term memory:

  capacity- 5-9 items on average (chunking)

  duration-18secs without rehearsal and up to 30secs with rehearsal

  encoding- acoustic (echoing)
• peterson and peterson (1959) investigated how the duration of short term memory by tasking students with remembering trigrams whilst counting backwards and then being stopped at different times.
• j jacob’s (1887) and george miller (1956) investigated capacity of short term memory through digit span test which led to their conclusion of chunking and 7 plus or minus 2 items being what people can hold in stm
• ltm:

  capacity-unlimited

  duration-for a life time

  encoding-semantic
• Long-term memory refers to the transfer of information from short-term memory into long-term storage in order to create enduring memories.
• Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for a short interval
• Bahrick studied the duration of ltm by asking 392 high school graduates to name their classmates 14yrs and 47yrs later. He found that after 14yrs 90% of them accurately could and after 47yrs 60% accurately could which suggest ltm last for a very long time