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Combined Sciences
Physics
Physics CP06 Radioactivity
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Created by
Jessica Dowden
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Cards (38)
What is the purpose of a particle view in atomic physics?
To simplify
complex systems
for easier
understanding
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What does a particle view show in atomic physics?
Only
the
important
particles
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How do different elements vary in atomic structure?
They have different numbers of
particles
in their
atoms
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What was the key setup of Rutherford's experiment?
A thin
gold foil
was used
It allowed observation of
particles
passing through
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What was observed in Rutherford's experiment regarding alpha particles?
Most alpha particles passed straight through, but some were
deflected
or bounced back
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What aspect of Rutherford's evidence is difficult to explain with simpler particles?
The
bouncing
back
of some particles
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What are the key atomic models and their development evidence?
Dalton's
model: solid sphere
Thomson's
model: plum pudding
Rutherford's
model:
nucleus
with
electrons
Evidence from experiments led to these developments
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How would you describe the Rutherford model of the atom?
It has a small, dense
nucleus
with
protons
and
neutrons
, and electrons
orbiting
around
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What is the charge of a proton?
Positive
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What is the charge of a neutron?
No
charge
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What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
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What are the relative masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Proton: 1
Neutron: 1
Electron: Very small
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What defines the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in its nucleus
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What is the mass number of an atom?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
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What is the most common isotope of carbon?
Carbon-12
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How many protons and neutrons does Carbon-12 have?
6 protons and 6 neutrons
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How many protons and neutrons does Carbon-14 have?
6 protons and 8 neutrons
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What is the relative atomic mass of carbon?
12.01
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What does the relative atomic mass represent?
The average mass of all
isotopes
of an element
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital?
2
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How many orbitals are there in a subshell with l=1?
3
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What are the possible values of ml for an electron in a p orbital?
1
,
0
, +1
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What is background radiation?
Low-level
radiation
present everywhere from
natural
and
human
sources
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What are the main sources of background radiation?
Natural sources
and
human activities
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What are the natural sources of background radiation?
Radioactive
isotopes
in rocks and soil
Cosmic rays from space
Radon
gas from
uranium
decay
Radioactive isotopes in food and drink
Radioactive isotopes in our bodies
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What are the man-made sources of background radiation?
Nuclear weapons testing
Nuclear power stations
Medical procedures (e.g.,
X-rays
)
Consumer products (e.g., smoke detectors)
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How is background radiation measured?
Using a
Geiger-Müller
tube
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What is the unit of activity for measuring radioactivity?
Becquerel
(
Bq
)
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What does the count rate in a Geiger-Müller tube indicate?
The
activity
of the radiation
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Why does the count rate vary with location?
Due to different sources of
background radiation
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What is the corrected count rate?
The measured count rate minus the
background count rate
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What is the half-life of a radioactive substance?
The time it takes for half of the radioactive
atoms
to decay
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How can you determine the half-life from a graph?
By finding the time it takes for the amount to
halve
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Why is it important to take multiple measurements of radioactivity?
To reduce the impact of
random errors
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What is the significance of background radiation in measurements?
It must be subtracted to get
accurate
values
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What are the dangers associated with radioactivity?
Nuclear accidents
Handling
radioactive
sources
Radiation exposure
in hospitals
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What are some examples of radioactive decay?
Alpha decay
Beta decay
Gamma decay
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