Extraction of Metals

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  How certain metals can be extracted using carbon
• What substances should you be able to identify in terms of gain or loss of oxygen?

  Which substances are oxidized or reduced
• How are unreactive metals like gold found in the Earth?

  As the metal itself
• Why can gold be found as nuggets in the Earth?

  Because gold is unreactive
• What happens to other metals in the Earth's crust?

  They react with oxygen to form compounds
• What is the challenge in extracting metals from compounds?

  To extract the metal we want from compounds
• What does a more reactive element do to a less reactive element in a compound?

  It pushes out or displaces the less reactive element
• What is the reactivity series?

  A list that orders elements from most reactive to least reactive
• What can any element more reactive than iron do?

  It can displace iron from its compounds
• What happens when magnesium reacts with iron oxide?

  Magnesium removes oxygen from iron, producing magnesium oxide and iron
• What is reduction in terms of oxygen?


  Losing oxygen
• What is oxidation in terms of oxygen?

  Gaining oxygen
• What is the role of carbon in metal extraction?

  It is used because it is extremely cheap
• What is the reaction between carbon and iron oxide?

  Carbon plus iron oxide produces carbon dioxide plus iron
• What happens to iron atoms in the reaction with carbon?

  Iron atoms are reduced as they lose oxygen
• What happens to carbon atoms in the reaction with iron oxide?

  Carbon atoms are oxidized as they gain oxygen
• What is a blast furnace used for?

  To extract iron from iron oxide
• Are the reactions in a blast furnace simple or complicated?

  They are slightly more complicated than shown
• Which reaction is impossible based on the reactivity series?

  Reaction two, because zinc is less reactive than calcium
• In the first reaction, what happens to magnesium and lithium?

  Magnesium loses oxygen and is reduced, while lithium gains oxygen and is oxidized
• In the third reaction, what happens to copper and carbon?

  Copper loses oxygen and is reduced, while carbon gains oxygen and is oxidized
• What are the key concepts related to metal extraction using carbon?

  • Unreactive metals like gold are found as metals.
  • Reactive metals form compounds with oxygen.
  • More reactive elements can displace less reactive elements.
  • Carbon is used for extraction due to its low cost.
  • Reduction involves losing oxygen, while oxidation involves gaining oxygen.
• What are the steps to identify oxidation and reduction in metal extraction reactions?

  1. Identify the reactants and products.
  2. Determine which element loses oxygen (reduction).
  3. Determine which element gains oxygen (oxidation).
  4. Use the reactivity series to assess displacement reactions.