Strong and Weak Acids"

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  The meanings of strong and weak acids, their effect on pH, and the difference between dilute and concentrated acids.
• What is meant by a strong acid?

  A strong acid fully ionizes in aqueous solutions.
• Give an example of a strong acid.

  Hydrochloric acid.
• What happens to an acid molecule in an aqueous solution?

  The acid molecule ionizes, releasing hydrogen ions $H^+$.
• What is the special term used when an acid molecule splits and releases hydrogen ions?

  Ionization.
• How can you tell that hydrochloric acid is a strong acid from its ionization?

  The arrow in its ionization equation goes in one direction only, indicating full ionization.
• Name three examples of strong acids.

  Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.
• What characterizes a weak acid?

  A weak acid partially ionizes in aqueous solutions.
• Give an example of a weak acid.

  Carbonic acid.
• How can you tell that carbonic acid is a weak acid from its ionization?

  The arrow in its ionization equation is reversible, indicating partial ionization.
• Name three examples of weak acids.

  Carbonic acid, ethanolic acid, and citric acid.
• How does the pH scale relate to strong and weak acids?

  Strong acids have a lower pH than weak acids for a given concentration.
• Why do strong acids have a lower pH than weak acids?

  Because strong acids fully ionize, producing a greater concentration of hydrogen ions.
• What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions as the pH scale decreases by one unit?

  The concentration of hydrogen ions increases by 10 times.
• What is meant by one order of magnitude in terms of pH?

  A 10 times difference in the concentration of hydrogen ions.
• How does the concentration of an acid affect its pH?

  The pH can be affected by the concentration of the acid, with more concentrated acids having lower pH.
• What does a dilute acid contain compared to a concentrated acid?

  A dilute acid has fewer acid molecules in a given volume than a concentrated acid.
• What are the key differences between strong and weak acids?

  • Strong acids fully ionize in aqueous solutions.
  • Weak acids partially ionize in aqueous solutions.
  • Strong acids have lower pH than weak acids for the same concentration.
  • Examples of strong acids: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid.
  • Examples of weak acids: carbonic acid, ethanolic acid, citric acid.
• How does the pH scale relate to hydrogen ion concentration?

  • A decrease of 1 unit in pH corresponds to a 10 times increase in hydrogen ion concentration.
  • A decrease of 2 units corresponds to a 100 times increase in hydrogen ion concentration.
  • This relationship is referred to as orders of magnitude.