extracting metals

• Oxidation

  Is

  Loss

  Reduction

  Is

  Gain
• redox - both oxidation and reduction happen at the same time
• displacement - more reactive metal displaces lass reactive metal in a compound
• in displacement

  • ions are reduced
  • atoms are oxidised
• extracting metals - electrolysis

  • potassium
  • sodium
  • calcium
  • magnesium
  • alluminium
• extracting metals - heat with carbon

  • zinc
  • iron
  • copper
• extracting metals - mining

  • silver
  • gold
• extracting of copper - phytomining

  • plants absorb copper ions from soil
  • plants then burnt to extract metals

  preserves ores for future

  reduces fossil fuels released / reduces effects of climate change

  slow process
• extraction of copper - bioleaching

  • bacteria produces leachate after braking down a low grade ore

  preserves ores for the future

  slow proccess
• life cycle assessment

  • gathering raw materials
  • manufacturing / packaging
  • use
  • disposal
• reversible reaction - forwards and backwards
• equllibrium - rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction
• factors that alter the position of equillibrium

  • temperature
  • pressure
• dynamic equillibrium

  • increase the temperature
  • favours the endothermic reaction
• dynamic equilibrium

  • increase the pressure
  • favours the side with fewer particles
  • more frequent collisions