Long Term Memory

• What does the term "division" refer to in the context of long-term memory?

  It refers to distinguishing between different types of memory.
• What is episodic memory?

  Memory for specific experiences from the past.
• What is semantic memory?

  Memory for facts.
• What is procedural memory?

  Memory for how to carry out physical actions.
• What does interaction refer to in long-term memory?

  • Different types of memory can interact.
  • They can share mechanisms.
• What is long-term memory (LTM) responsible for?

  LTM is responsible for storing information for long periods of time.
• How is long-term memory described in terms of its storage capability?

  It is described as an "archive" of information about past events and knowledge.
• What is remarkable about the storage of long-term memory?

  It stretches from just a few moments ago to as far back as we can remember.
• What is the first recollection of a person sitting down classified as?

  It is classified as short-term/working memory (STM/WM).
• What types of memories are included in long-term memory?

  Memories from recent events to those from many years ago.
• What does long-term memory provide in relation to working memory?

  • An archive to refer to for past events.
  • A wealth of background information for current tasks.
• What is the serial position curve?

  It is created by presenting a list of words to a participant and measuring recall.
• What does the primacy effect refer to?

  Participants are more likely to remember words presented at the beginning of a sequence.
• What does the recency effect refer to?

  Better memory for stimuli presented at the end of a sequence.
• What does the serial position curve indicate about memory recall?

  Memory is better for words at the beginning and end of a list than for words in the middle.
• What does coding refer to in memory?

  It refers to the form in which stimuli are represented.
• What is physiological approach to coding?

  Determining how a stimulus is represented by the firing of neurons.
• What is visual coding?

  Coding in the mind in the form of a visual image.
• What is auditory coding?

  Coding in the mind in the form of a sound.
• What is semantic coding?

  Coding in the mind in terms of meaning in both STM and LTM.
• How is visual coding used in short-term memory?

  It is used when you visualize a person or place from the past.
• How is visual coding used in long-term memory?

  It is used when you remember faces or places from the past.
• How is auditory coding demonstrated?

  Through the phonological similarity effect, where letters are misidentified based on sound.
• How is auditory coding used in short-term memory?

  It is used when you repeat a phone number you just heard.
• How is auditory coding used in long-term memory?

  It is less likely to be used compared to visual or semantic coding.
• How is semantic coding demonstrated in short-term memory?

  By recalling words shortly after hearing them.
• What is proactive interference?

  It is the decrease in memory that occurs when previously learned information interferes with learning new information.
• How is semantic coding demonstrated in long-term memory?

  By measuring recognition memory after listening to a passage.
• What is recognition memory?

  It is the identification of a stimulus that was encountered earlier.
• How is recognition memory tested?

  By presenting a stimulus during a study period and later presenting it with other stimuli.
• What is the difference between recall and recognition tests?

  Recall requires producing the item, while recognition involves identifying it from alternatives.
• What does the demonstration of reading a passage illustrate?

  It illustrates how participants can identify identical sentences versus changed sentences.
• What was the outcome of Sachs's demonstration with participants?

  Many participants remembered the meaning but not the exact wording of sentences.
• What does the type of coding depend on?

  It depends largely on the task at hand.
• How is auditory coding used in remembering a telephone number?

  By repeating the number over and over.
• How is semantic coding used in remembering a story?

  By recalling what happened in the story rather than the exact words.
• What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?

  It is crucial for forming new long-term memories.
• What happened to patient HM after his hippocampus was removed?

  He lost the ability to form new long-term memories.
• What did HM's case reveal about short-term and long-term memory?

  It suggested that they are served by separate brain regions.
• What is an example of a patient with normal long-term memory but poor short-term memory?

  Patient KF, who had damage to his parietal lobe.