Topic 8
Cards (23)
- Rain that is acidic due to gases, such as sulfur dioxide, reacting with water vapour in the clouds. Sulfur dioxide is produced from the burning of fossil fuels which contain sulfur impurities.
- The most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil, they have the general formula CnH2n+2.
- Hydrocarbons with a double bond between two of the carbon atoms in their chain, causing them to be unsaturated. They have the general formula CnH2n.
- Long-chain hydrocarbons are heated to turn them into a gas. The vapour is then passed over a hot powdered aluminium oxide. The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of the catalyst.
- A change in global climate patterns largely believed to be caused by the increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- The burning of a substance in oxygen causing energy to be transferred to the surroundings as heat and light, the carbon and the hydrogen in the fuels are oxidised.
- Combustion carried out in sufficient oxygen. Water and carbon dioxide are the only products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon.
- A process that involves breaking down larger hydrocarbons to produce smaller more useful molecules — it can be done by catalytic or steam methods.
- A finite resource found in rocks. It is the remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that were buried in bud. Most of the compounds in it are hydrocarbons.
- Natural fuels, such as coal and gas, formed in the past from the remains of living organisms.
- A chemical formula which applies to a class of compounds, representing the composition of the atoms present in the compound.
- The increase in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere due to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trapping infra-red radiation from the surface.
- Gases in the atmosphere which maintain temperatures on Earth high enough to support life, including water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane.
- A series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
- Combustion which is carried out with insufficient oxygen. It can lead to the production of toxic carbon monoxide and carbon particulates.
- An energy source which is finite. Methane, petrol and diesel oil are all examples.
- Polluting particles which cause global dimming and health problems for human. Carbon ones (soot) are a product of incomplete combustion.
- A substance introduced into the environment that has undesired effects.
- Long-chain hydrocarbons are heated to them into a gas. The hydrocarbon vapour is then mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature which causes them to split into smaller molecules.
- When there was little or no oxygen, a large amount of CO2, water vapour and small amounts of other gases.
- Intense activity that lead to gases that formed the early atmosphere, at the start of this period the atmosphere would have been like Mars/Venus (mostly CO2 and little or no oxygen), it also produced nitrogen and possible small amounts of methane.
- Formed in the atmosphere when CO2 dissolved in the water and carbonates were precipitated, reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
- Grew along with plants after earth’s early atmosphere - first producing oxygen 2.7 billion years ago and over the next billion years evolving as the oxygen levels increased and the CO2 levels decreased through photosynthesis.