Save
SEM1
Cbol
Cell differentiation
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Learn
Created by
Danga
Visit profile
Cards (27)
What is the term for the early stage of human development after fertilization?
Blastocyst
View source
What is the term for the fertilized egg before it develops into a blastocyst?
Zygote
View source
At what stage is the developing human referred to as a fetus?
After the
8th
week
View source
What is the term for the solid ball of cells formed after several divisions of the zygote?
Morula
View source
What are the two main components of a blastocyst?
Inner cell mass
(ICM) and
trophectoderm
View source
What are the three fundamental aspects of developmental biology?
Cell division
Cell differentiation
Morphogenesis
View source
What is cell division?
Growth
of cell populations where one
cell
divides
to produce two
daughter cells
View source
What is cell differentiation?
Process by which a less
specialized
cell
becomes a more
specialized
cell
type
View source
What is morphogenesis?
Process that controls the organized
spatial
distribution
of
cells
View source
How do all cells arise in a developing organism?
All cells arise from a single
fertilized egg
and contain the same
DNA
View source
What is differential gene expression?
Cells
become
different
because they express different
genes
View source
What role do adult stem cells play in cellular differentiation?
Adult stem cells
divide
and create
fully differentiated
daughter cells
during tissue
repair
View source
What is the term for specialized cells that cannot divide to make copies of themselves?
Terminally differentiated cells
View source
What are the two main properties of stem cells?
Self-renewal
and
differentiation
View source
What is a stem cell niche?
Microenvironment around stem cells that provides support and signals for
self-renewal
and
differentiation
View source
Where are embryonic stem cells found?
In the inner cell mass of the
blastocyst
View source
What is the potency of tissue stem cells?
Tissue stem cells are
multipotent
View source
What is the difference between pluripotent and totipotent stem cells?
Pluripotent can make
all
types of
specialized
cells except
extraembryonic
tissues, while totipotent can make
all
types including
extraembryonic
tissues
View source
What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)?
Adult cells that have been
genetically
reprogrammed
to behave like
embryonic stem cells
View source
What is the advantage of iPS cells over embryonic stem cells?
No need for
embryos
View source
What is therapeutic cloning?
Transfer of nuclear material from a
somatic cell
into an
enucleated oocyte
to derive
embryonic stem cell lines
View source
What is the purpose of regenerative medicine?
To treat diseases by replacing
irreversibly
lost or
damaged
cells
View source
How do cancer stem cells (CSCs) differ from other cancer cells?
CSCs can initiate
tumors
and have different sensitivities to
treatments
View source
What is the cancer stem cell hypothesis?
Cure of cancer may require elimination of both CSCs and non-CSC majority of cancer cells
View source
What are the hallmarks of cancer?
Biological capabilities acquired during the
multistep
development of human tumors
View source
What are some ethical concerns regarding stem cell research?
Questions about the rights of human
embryos
and the justification for embryo destruction
View source
What are the key points regarding stem cells?
Cellular differentiation
: cells become specialized by expressing different genes
Stem cells have two properties:
self-renewal
and
differentiation
Types of stem cells:
Embryonic stem cells
(
pluripotent
)
Tissue stem cells
(
multipotent
)
Induced pluripotent stem cells
View source