POLITICAL CARICATURES IN THE AMERICAN ERA (1900-1941)

• Who are the authors of "Political Caricature of the American Era 1900-1941"?

  Alfred McCoy and Alfredo Roces
• What is the copyright year of the book "Political Caricature of the American Era 1900-1941"?

  1985
• What does the book "Political Caricature of the American Era 1900-1941" primarily discuss?

  Political cartoons during the American colonial period in the Philippines
• What are the main parts of the book "Political Caricature of the American Era 1900-1941"?

  • Part One: Two Essays
  • "Mang Juan and Uncle Sam" by Alfredo Roces
  • "Images of a Changing Nation" by Alfred W. McCoy
  • Part Two: The Cartoons
  • Part Three: Notes
• What is the significance of the political cartoons from 1900-1941 according to Alfred W. McCoy?

  They serve as a record of history and reflect societal conditions during the American colonial period
• How did the American colonial period affect the Philippines according to McCoy?

  It was a formative period that led to autonomy and independence
• What dual nature of American colonialism is described in the text?

  It was both brutal and beneficent
• What cultural changes occurred in the Philippines during American colonial rule?

  Americanization and modernization, including mass public education and the use of English
• What was the impact of American influence on Filipino creativity?

  It led to a burst of creativity in journalism, drama, fiction, and social reform
• What was the role of the Philippine press during the American colonial period?

  It served as an outlet for protest and a means of expressing nationalist sentiments
• When did the Philippine press begin to establish itself?

  During the decade following the American invasion of 1898
• How did American censorship laws differ from Spanish censorship laws?

  American censorship was more flexible and allowed for some expression
• What was the first Filipino daily newspaper published after the American occupation?

  La Independencia
• Who directed the first Filipino daily newspaper, La Independencia?

  Antonio Luna
• What happened to La Independencia as the Philippine Republic faced guerrilla warfare?

  It was reduced from four pages to two and eventually closed
• What was the significance of El Renacimiento in the early 1900s?

  It was the most influential of the early nationalist newspapers
• What did the libel and sedition laws do during the American colonial period?

  They were used to suppress hostility and control the press
• How did the American press reflect the views of their readership during the early 1900s?

  Many American newspapers were jingoistic and anti-Filipino
• What was the outcome of the libel case against El Renacimiento regarding the editorial "Ases de Rapina"?

  El Renacimiento was found guilty and faced severe penalties
• What was the significance of the victory banquet held by El Renacimiento?

  It celebrated the new power and independence of the Philippine press
• What role did Manila's illustrated weekly newspapers play in the political landscape?

  They were important outlets for quality cartoons and political commentary
• What were the characteristics of the new weekly newspapers launched during the first decade of American rule?

  • Frequent publication for immediacy
  • Allowed time for reflection and refinement
  • Served as important outlets for quality cartoons
• Who was a very vindictive man that attended every session of the case against El Renacimiento?

  Worcester
• How did the Manila press respond when the American judge found El Renacimiento guilty?

  With outrage
• What did the Philippines Free Press call for after the verdict against El Renacimiento?

  Worcester’s immediate resignation
• What was the ruling of the other American judge in January 1910 regarding Worcester?

  He ruled in favor of Worcester and ordered the sale of El Renacimiento’s assets
• How much in damages was ordered to be paid by El Renacimiento?

  P60,000
• What did Guerrero and Ocampo establish after El Renacimiento?

  Another Spanish daily, La Vanguardia
• Until when did La Vanguardia survive as one of Manila’s leading newspapers?

  Until World War II
• What role did weekly newspapers play in Manila during the American rule?

  They were important outlets for quality cartoons
• What inspired the new illustrated weeklies launched during the first decade of American rule?

  • Inspired by illustrated Manila magazines from the 1890s
  • Adopted the style of Anglo-American political cartoons
• How did Filipino artists differ from American or British cartoonists?

  Filipino artists were often leading artists seeking survival in a colonial society
• Who is remembered as a National Artist for portraying the Philippine countryside?

  Fernando Amorsolo
• What was the nature of the cartoons produced by Fernando Amorsolo early in his career?

  They were some of the most racist and angry cartoons
• In what languages was Lipag Kalabaw published?

  Tagalog and Spanish
• What was the purpose of maintaining anonymity in Lipag Kalabaw?

  To protect against libel suits
• What political party was Lipag Kalabaw affiliated with?

  The Nacionalista Party
• How did Lipag Kalabaw portray the winning Nacionalista candidates during the 1907 Assembly elections?

  As reaching greedily for a bag of money labeled "P20.00 Per Diem"
• What was the significance of the Philippines Free Press among American newspapers after the U.S. occupation?

  It had sufficient sensitivity to the Filipino point of view to survive
• Who founded the Philippines Free Press?

  1. A. Kincaid