Definitions

• Gender Bias


  When you tend to treat or represent men and women based on stere rather than real differences
• Androcentrism 


  Foucused on men often neglecting women
• Universality


  Aim to develop theories that apply to all people
• Alpha bias (gender)

  Exaggerate differences between women and men
• Beta bias (gender)

  Minimises differences between men and women. Researhes assume that all people are the same and therefrore apply all theories to all people in hope to archieve universality.
• Ethnocentrism


  Seeing things from the point of view of ourselves or social group which leads to cultural bias
• Culture bias


  Judging all people based on your own cultural assumptions
• Cultural relativism


  Idea that behaviour can only be understood in context of the norms and values of society or culture it happens in
• emic


  Approach which emphasises uniqueness of each culture and looks at behaviour from inside of a particular culture
• Etic


  Approach looking at behaviour from outisde of particular culture and tires to find behaviour that can be generalised.
• Free will


  Individual seen capable of self-determination as they have an active role in controlling/choosing their behaviour
• Determinism 


  View that behaviour is caused by internal or external forces
• Hard determinism 


  behaviour is caused by internal and external forces and we have no control over our behaviour
• Soft determinism 


  Behaviour is caused by internal and external forced BUT we still have some control over out behaviour
• Biological determinism 


  behaviour is caused by biological factors likes genes, neurochemistry and brain structure
• Enviromental determinism


  behaviour is caused by external factors
• Psychic determinism


  Behaviour is caused by unconscious instincts, drives and childhood
• Scientific determinism 


  Behaviour is caused by external and internal factors so there is a cause and effect realtionship
• Heredity


  process in which traits are passed from parents to their offspring
• Nature


  Behaviour seen as product of innate factors
• Nurture


  Behaviour is product of environmental influenced
• Interactionist approach 


  View that nature and nurture work together rather than in opposition
• Nature-nurture debate 


  Behaviour is influenced by nature and by nurture and reference to debate being about relative contribution of each of these influences
• Reductionism


  Approach breaking complex behaviour into simple components
• holism


  Approach to behaviour where you perceive the whole experience rather than the individual featured
• Idiographic approach


  Focuses on individuals and emphasises uniqueness favours qualitative methods of reasearch
• Nomothetic Approach


  Formulate general laws of behaviour by studying groups of people and used statistical(quantitative) techniques summarising differences between people through generalisations