PAPER 1 - CONFLICT AND TENSION

• HITLER YOUTH

  • The Hitler Youth was founded in 1926, In 1933 all the youth clubs were banned and by 1939 it was compulsory to join Hitler Youth.
  • Hitler youth set out to indoctrinate young boys to be loyal toward Hitler and prepare them for future war.
  • Members of Hitler youth went on marches, practised shooting and went on monthly camps. Some boys loved this as for many it was their first holiday.
  • They weren't allowed to listen to jazz music. They wore uniforms with pride and were encouraged to report anyone who criticised Hitler and the Nazis
• LEAGUE OF GERMAN MAIDENS:

  • Girls were prepared to be housewives to populate the Reich with pure aryan children, Like the Boys girls were indoctrinated however were indoctrinated into being discouraged from being academic and instead focus on motherhood.
  • Girls weren't allowed to wear makeup and were made to wear traditional hairstyles eg plats
  • In schools, Girls were taught race studies called Eugenics, Their indoctrination meant more lessons of cooking for motherhood preparation
• NAZI SOCIAL POLICIES, Women and Young people:

  Women

  • The nazis wanted to increase birthrate, which fell in weimar Germany where women had more freedom eg vote and have careers.
  • Nazis wanted to change this to create and ideal society with women as mothers helping to populate Lebensraum
  • In increasing birthrate they; banned contraception. Women lost their jobs and were given rewards for childbirth like a motherhood medal for helping increase the Birthrate.
• NAZI SOCIAL POLICIES, Women and Young people:

  Young people

  • SCHOOLS - The nazis wanted to indoctrinate children in school. Timetables concluded of Eugenics promoting racial theory and the belief that the German Aryan race was superior and a master race.Teachers had to wear uniform and going the Teachers League otherwise they'd be sacked for not joining.
  • YOUTH ORGANISATIONS- Young boys and girls were indoctrinated through Hitler Youth ( Boys ) and League of German Maidens ( Girls ). Hitler Youth prepared boys for jobs in the army. The League of German Maidens prepared girls for motherhood.
• HITLERS EXPLOITATION OF GERMANYS PROBLEMS:

  In 1928 the nazis only secured enough votes for 12 seats in the Reichstag however by 1932 they had enough votes for 230 seats making them the biggest party in the Reichstag.

  • GREAT ECONOMIC DEPRESSION: There were 6 million unemployed germans who voted for Hitler whose propaganda designed by Goebbels promised them 'work and bread' Hitler also scapegoated Jews for Germanys economic problems.
• HITLERS EXPLOITS OF PROBLEMS:

  In 1928 Nazis only secured enough votes for 12 seats.However by 1932 had enough votes for 230 seats, biggest party in the Reichstag.

  • GREAT ECONOMIC DEPRESSION: There were 6 million unemployed germans who voted for Hitler, Goebbels designed propaganda promised them 'work and bread'. Hitler scapegoated Jews for Germanys economic problems.
  • COMMUNISM FEAR-Nazis appealed to farmers, businessmen and religious saying voting for nazi policy would stop German communists would then seize their assets. Hitler used his SA brownshirts under Rohm to stop communists
• HITLERS EXPLOITS OF PROBLEMS:

  • HITlERS APPEAL- propaganda presented Hitler as a strong leader who would decisively solve problems in the economy and alternative to weak Weimar government under Chancellor Bruning whom ruled using Article 48. Hitler appealed to young people and patronism promising to break the ToV.
  • TECHNOLOGY- Goebbels made use of Hitlers charisma flying him to German cities to make speeches in person and were broadcasted on the radio. Recruitment offices were also set up in German Cities to allow germans to join the party.
• GUSTAV STRESEMANN:

  Gustav stresemann was Chancellor of Germany 1923. He became the German Foreign minister from NOV 1923 til death 1929. Streseman helped improve Germany and its relations with other countries.

  • produced new currency called Rentenmark ending hyperinflation
  • 1924 organised DAWES plan with USA- USA agreed to loan Germany 800 million gold marks reducing the yearly reparations giving Germany longer to pay.
  • Signed Locarno pact with France and Belgium agreeing to respect their borders.
  • 1926 Germany allowed to join League.
  • YOUNG PLAN reduced reparation amount.
• WEIMAR CULTURE:

  In weimar culture artists had creative freedom cause there was no censorship contrast to kaiser Germany. The artist Otto dix had freedom to paint scenes that criticised society and the goverment.

  Young germans experienced the excitement of weimar Germany culture and night life

  • Babylon nightclub in Berlin, drinking, jazz music and cabaret. However this caused a fall in birthrate which falls below 1 million. Hitler viewed this as moral condemnation and later bans things like contraception to increase birthrate.