Respiration

• What is the main source of energy for functioning organisms?

  Molecules of glucose
• What is cellular respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction that transfers energy from glucose
• Where does cellular respiration occur in living cells?

  In the mitochondria
• What does the term "exothermic" mean in the context of respiration?

  It means that the reaction releases energy
• What are three examples of how organisms use energy?

  • Building larger molecules from smaller ones (e.g., proteins from amino acids)
  • Muscular contraction for movement
  • Maintaining body temperature
• What is metabolism?

  It is all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life
• What are the two types of respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic respiration
• What is the key condition for aerobic respiration to occur?

  There must be enough oxygen present
• How does the equation for aerobic respiration relate to photosynthesis?

  It is the exact opposite of the photosynthesis equation
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  It is respiration without oxygen
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → Lactic Acid
• When do we rely on anaerobic respiration?

  When we cannot get enough oxygen to our tissues
• Why do we prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration is more efficient and fully breaks down glucose
• What is a consequence of anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Lactic acid builds up and must be removed later
• What is the difference in anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast compared to humans?

  In plants and yeast, glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is fermentation in the context of yeast?

  It is the process where glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
• How is fermentation used in industry?

  • Yeast is added to bread to produce carbon dioxide, making it light and fluffy
  • Yeast is used to produce ethanol for beer and wine