Interactionist approach

• What is the main interactionist approach to explaining schizophrenia?

  Diathesis stress model
• What do interactionist explanations consider in relation to schizophrenia?

  Multiple levels of explanation
• What is the most important interaction in shaping who we are?

  Between nature and nurture
• How is stress defined in the context of schizophrenia?

  Mismatch between demands and belief in ability
• What hormone is thought to exert damaging effects on the brain due to stress?

  Cortisol
• What are the potential effects of cortisol on the brain?

  Influences brain development and dopamine transmission
• What are the diathesis factors influencing schizophrenia?

  • Genetics
  • Brain development
  • In utero influences
  • Puberty and hormonal changes
  • Personality and cognitive vulnerabilities
• What are the stress factors that can influence schizophrenia?

  • Traumas
  • Abuse
  • Setbacks
  • Distress
  • Eustress (good stress)
  • Illness
  • Substance abuse
• What type of study did Tienari et al (2004) conduct?

  Adoption study
• How many Finnish children were involved in Tienari et al's study?

  303 Finnish children
• What was compared in Tienari et al's study?

  High genetic risk group vs. control group
• What was associated with the development of schizophrenia in Tienari et al's findings?

  High levels of expressed emotion
• In which group was high expressed emotion linked to schizophrenia development?

  High genetic risk group
• What is the goal of Early Intervention (EI) programs?

  • Treat individuals with first-time psychosis symptoms
  • Use rapid and comprehensive treatment methods
  • May include medication and therapy
• What happens if psychosis is left untreated?

  It may worsen over time
• What is associated with worse long-term outcomes in schizophrenia?

  Longer Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP)
• What is the optimal outcome for treating schizophrenia?

  Detecting prodromal symptoms early
• What did the 2011 Cochrane review conclude about Early Intervention for Psychosis?

  Studies were too small and poorly controlled
• What are the risks associated with Early Intervention?

  Potential for misdiagnosis and over-treatment
• What implications does the interactionist approach have for schizophrenia treatment?

  • Emphasizes the need for a holistic approach
  • Considers both genetic and environmental factors
  • Supports early intervention strategies