nucleotides and nucleic acids

• what are the two types of nucleic acids

  DNA

  RNA
• what are the elements that make up DNA

  phosphorous

  carbon

  hydrogen

  oxygen

  nitrogen
• what are the individual components of a nucleotide

  pentose monosaccharide

  phosphate group

  nitrogenous base
• what is the inorganic molecule in a nucleotide

  phosphate group

  acidic

  negatively charged
• what differentiates bases

  number of carbon rings

  complex organic molecule containing either one or two carbon rings
• what links nucleotides together

  condensation polymerisation

  phosphodiester bonds
• what in a nucleotide are the bonds formed between

  phosphate group at the 5 carbon of the pentose sugar on one and the hydroxyll group on the 3 carbon on the other
• what is formed when multiple nucleotides are bonded together

  sugar phosphate backbone
• what is the difference between DNA and RNA

  DNA has one fewer oxygen

  H on the second carbon
• what are the two types of bases

  purines

  pyrimidines
• what group are T and C (and U)

  pyrimidines
• how many carbon rings do T and C (and U) have

  one
• what type of base are A and G

  purines
• how many carbon rings do A and G have

  2
• how many H bonds form between A and T

  2
• how many H bonds form between C and G

  3
• what direction do the strands of DNA/RNA run in

  anti-parallel
• what is the purpose of mRNA

  DNA molecules are too large to travel to the ribosomes for protein synthesis so small sections are copied and transferred by mRNA
• what are the two different strands in DNA called, in terms of information

  template strand (antisense) - stores info that's transcribed to mRNA

  coding strand (sense) - identical to mRNA with T not U