communicable diseases

• What is a pathogen?

  A microorganism that causes a disease
• What are the four main types of pathogens?

  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Protists
• What is an example of a virus that affects animals?

  HIV potentially leading to AIDS
• What is an example of a virus that affects plants?

  Tobacco mosaic virus
• What is an example of bacteria that affects animals?

  Salmonella
• What is an example of bacteria that affects plants?

  Agrobacterium
• What is an example of fungi that affects animals?

  Athlete's foot
• What is an example of fungi that affects plants?

  Rose black spot
• What is the life cycle of a pathogen?

  They infect a host, reproduce, spread from the host, and infect other organisms
• What are communicable diseases?

  Diseases that can be transferred from one person to another
• What is an example of an inherited genetic disorder?

  Cystic fibrosis
• What is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?

  Scurvy
• How can diseases like cancer develop?

  As a result of exposure to carcinogens or incorrect cell division
• Can bacteria be infected by viruses?

  Yes, certain types of viruses can infect bacteria
• What are the main types of transmission for pathogens?

  • Direct contact
  • Water
  • Air
  • Unhygienic food preparation
  • Vector
• What is an example of direct contact transmission?

  Shaking hands
• What disease can be transmitted through dirty water?

  Cholera
• How can air transmit diseases?

  Through tiny droplets when an infected person sneezes
• What can unhygienic food preparation lead to?

  Bacterial diseases like Escherichia coli
• What is a vector?

  An organism that can spread a disease
• Why are viruses not considered alive?

  They do not complete all seven life processes
• What is the genetic material of a virus made of?

  DNA
• How do viruses replicate?

  They replicate their DNA and protein coats within a host cell
• What happens to the host cell after a virus replicates?

  The host cell bursts, allowing the virus to infect other cells
• What is the treatment for viral infections?

  Viral infections cannot be treated by antibiotics
• What does HIV stand for?

  Human immunodeficiency virus
• How is HIV transmitted?

  By body fluids, often during unprotected sex
• What happens after a person is infected with HIV?

  They may suffer mild flu-like symptoms initially
• What does AIDS stand for?

  Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• What does HIV do to the immune system?

  It attacks the patient's immune system
• What is the treatment for HIV/AIDS?

  Antiviral drugs
• What is measles?

  A very infectious viral disease
• How is measles transmitted?

  Through the air in tiny droplets after sneezing
• What are the symptoms of measles?

  Fever and skin rash
• What is gonorrhoea?

  A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium
• What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

  Burning pain when urinating and thick discharge
• How can gonorrhoea be prevented?

  By abstaining from sex or using barrier contraception
• What is salmonella?

  A genus of bacteria that causes food poisoning
• What are the symptoms of salmonella infection?

  Abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea
• How can salmonella be prevented?

  By cooking food thoroughly and preparing it hygienically