groups in the PERIODic table

• What type of elements are found in Group 0 of the periodic table?

  Non-metal elements
• What are the elements in Group 0 called?

  Noble gases
• How do noble gases exist?

  As single atoms
• What trends do noble gases show in their physical properties?

  They show trends in their physical properties
• What is the boiling point of helium?

  It has the lowest boiling point of any element
• What happens to the attractive forces between noble gas atoms as you go down Group 0?

  The attractive forces become stronger
• Why is more energy needed to overcome the forces in noble gases as you go down Group 0?

  Because the atoms become larger
• How do noble gases compare to other elements in terms of reactivity?

  They are inert and extremely unreactive
• What is the electronic structure of helium?

  Helium has two electrons
• How many electrons do the other noble gases have in their outer shell?

  They have eight electrons
• Why do noble gases not take part in chemical reactions?

  They have stable arrangements of electrons
• What happens when group 1 elements react?

  Their atoms lose one electron
• What are the elements in Group 1 called?

  Alkali metals
• What are some physical properties of alkali metals?

  They are soft, have low melting points, and low densities
• What do alkali metals produce when they react with water?

  A metal hydroxide and hydrogen
• Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with water.

  2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
• What is sodium hydroxide when dissolved in water?

  An alkali that forms an alkaline solution
• What is produced when potassium reacts with water?

  A lilac flame and hydrogen gas
• What happens to the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?

  The reactivity increases
• What do alkali metals form when they react with oxygen?

  Metal oxides
• Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen.

  4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s)
• What happens to the reactivity of group 1 elements when they react with chlorine?

  The reactivity increases going down the group
• Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of potassium with chlorine.

  2K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s)
• What happens to the outer electron of group 1 elements during a reaction?

  It is lost to form a positively charged ion
• What is the trend in reactivity for group 7 elements?

  The reactivity decreases going down the group
• What are the elements in Group 7 called?

  Halogens
• What do halogens exist as?

  Simple molecules made up of pairs of halogen atoms
• What happens to the melting and boiling points of halogens as you go down the group?

  They increase
• What do halogens produce when they react with metals?

  Salts made up of ions
• Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of sodium with chlorine.

  2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)
• What happens when halogens react with hydrogen?

  They form hydrogen halides
• Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of hydrogen with chlorine.

  H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
• What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you go down the group?

  The reactivity decreases
• What is a displacement reaction in the context of halogens?

  A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from its salt solution
• Write the balanced equation for the displacement reaction of chlorine with potassium iodide.

  Cl2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + I2(aq)
• What happens to the outer shell of halogens during a reaction?

  They gain one electron
• What is the trend in atomic size for group 7 elements?

  The atoms become larger going down the group
• What happens to the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer shell as you go down group 7?

  The force of attraction decreases
• How does the reactivity of halogens change as the outer shell becomes further from the nucleus?

  An outer electron is gained less easily
• What is the relationship between the size of halogen atoms and their reactivity?

  As the size increases, reactivity decreases