REFLECTION OF LIGHT

• What is light? 


  • Light is a form of energy that enables us to see things
• How does light work?

  Light starts from a source and bounces off objects which are perceived by our eyes and our brain processes this signal, which eventually enables us to see.
• What can be light split into?

  It can be split into its seven color components
• How does light behave as an electromagnetic wave?


  It behaves as both a particle and a wave
• What gives light its capability to reflect?

  The particulate nature of light
• What is Reflection?


  When a light ray approaches a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces back.
• Laws of Reflection

  The first law states that..

  • The incident and reflected ray, and normal line lie on the same plane
• Laws of Reflections

  The second law states that..

  • The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
• What is an incident ray?


  It is the incoming light that hits the opaque object; leaves the object and strikes the mirror
• What is a reflected ray?


  A ray of light that bounces off the opaque object; leaves mirror and strikes your eye
• What is the normal line in reflection?


  It is the line that is perpendicular to the mirror surface
• What is angle of incidence?


  It is between the incident ray and normal line
• What is angle of reflection?


  It is between the reflect ray and normal line
• What are the two types of reflection?

  • Specular (Regular)
  • Diffused (Irregular)
• Specular (Regular) Reflection


  • It occurs on smooth surfaces
  • Incident rays reflect in parallel, creating an image visible only at specific angles, as seen in mirrors or still water
• Diffused (Irregular) Reflection


  • It occurs on rough surfaces
  • Parallel incident rays scatter randomly
  • The scattering allows the illuminated surface to be visible from multiple angles
• What happens during specular reflection?


  Light bounces off in smooth surfaces and produces parallel reflected rays
• What happens during diffuse reflection?


  Light bounces off rough surfaces, scattering in multiple directions
• What is Wet Road Glare?


  • A dry asphalt roadway diffuses incident light
  • When water fills in the crevices, it results in specular reflection and a glare
• What is Flat mirrors also known as?


  Plane mirrors
• What are Plane mirrors?


  Are smooth surfaces that reflects light regularly
• What type of reflection do plane mirrors produce?


  It produces specular reflection due to the smooth surfaces plane mirrors have
• What kind of images that are formed in Plane mirrors?


  It forms virtual, upright, or erect images
• Characteristics of Plane mirrors:


  • Has the same size as the object reflected
  • Has the same distance apart
• What type of images do plane mirrors produce?


  Laterally reversed images
• What are the characteristics of real image?

  • It is created by the actual reflected rays of light converge
  • Always inverted
  • Can be projected or transferred
  • Rays of light create a real image in our retina
• What are the characteristics of virtual images?


  • It is created by extended reflected rays
  • Has an upright orientation
  • It can be seen in plane and convex mirrors
  • Does not exist without an observer
• What are multiple images?


  It is formed when two mirrors are placed side-by-side at certain angles
• What formula can be used to determine the number of images in multiple images?

  
• What are the two types of curved mirrors?

  1. Convex mirrors - bulge inward, diverging mirrors
  2. Concave mirrors - bulge outward, converging mirrors
• Concave mirrors are also known as?

  Converging mirrors
• What type of images does concave mirrors produce when they are placed at a distance?

  Real images
• In concave mirrors, when objects are placed close in front of them, what type of images is produced?


  Virtual images
• Where are concave mirrors commonly used?


  • Make-up mirrors
  • Mirrors that magnify
• What are convex mirrors known as?


  Diverging mirrors
• What type of images do convex mirrors always produce?


  Virtual images
• Where are convex mirrors commonly used?


  • In grocery store circular mirrors
  • Car side mirrors
• Parts of the mirrors

  • Center of the curvature (c) - the origin of the concave or convex mirror
  • Focus/Focal point (f) - the point where light rays meet
  • Principal Axis - the line that halves the mirror, where points C, F, and V lie
  • Vertex (V) - the point where the mirror is halved
• What is the focal length in curved mirrors?


  The distance between the focus and the vertex
• How many Principal Rays does mirrors have?

  Four