enzymes

• Enzymes (definition)


  they are biological catalysts made of proteins that speed up the rate of reaction without being used up
• what are the functional area of enzymes

  active site
• the active site is ... to its substrate

  Complementary
• this is … theory

  Lock and Key theory
• where are enzymes made

  synthesized inside of cells
• stages of enzymes

  enzyme and substrate, enzyme substrate complex, product
• if the enzyme stays inside of the cell to do its function it is 


  It’s intracellular
• if the enzyme leaves the cell to do its function it is 


  extracellular
• at low temperature the enzyme + substrate have low kinetic energy


  few successful collision

  rate of reaction is low
• As the temp increases so does the kinetic energy 


  More successful collisions

  rate of reaction increases
• optimum temp, lots of kinetic energy


  most number of successful collisions

  rate of reaction is at its highest
• above optimum temp, enzyme’s active site denatures 


  no successful collisions

  rate of reaction decreases
• changing the pH can affect

  the enyme’s 3D shape, denaturing it
• each enzyme has its own … pH

  optimum
• if a substance makes it easier to bind the substrate to the active site its an


  activator
• if a substance makes it harder to bind the substrate to the active site its an


  Inhibitor
• example of inhibitor 


  cyanide ions
• example of activator 


  chloride ions